Lecture Five Flashcards
What are the two types of cartilage? Which is more common in the body?
Hyaline (articular), fibrocartilage. Hyaline is more common.
What is DFCT? Where is it found?
Dense fibrous tissue is made by fibroblasts, and is also made of collagen, and a little bit of elastin. They are tightly packed together and resist tension. They have very little vascuclarity. It is found in the ligaments, tendons and joint capsules.
What is cartilage made and maintained by?
Chondrocytes
What is ground substance?
Ground substance is a formless, jelly-like substance. It appears transparent and colorless and occupyies the gaps between fibers and cells. Acts like a glue.
What is hyaline and what does it do?
A type of cartilage. It resists compression due to its high water content. It has sparse collage fibres. This cartilage will mould to bone surface, and allows for friction less movement.
What is fibrocartilage and what does it do?
It is a type of cartilage with many collagen bundles, and they run in the direction of stresses. This cartilage will resist both tension and compression, and act as a buffer/shock absorber. They also deepen articulation, such as the menisci in the knees.
What is a ligament?
Connects bone to bone. It is made of collagen and elastin, and restricts movement.
What is a tendon?
Connects bone to muscle. It is less elastic compared to ligaments, and controls and facilitates movement.
What is bony congruence?
How much bone surface is forming the articulation.
What are the 3 joint classes?
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
What is the difference between tissue and structure?
Tissue is cells in an organised manner according to function. A structure is formed of tissue.
What are fibrous joints? What’s 2 examples?
Fibrous joints are made of DFCT, and form ligaments. They provide stability, and have very little movement. Examples of this are the cranial sutures, and the distal tibiafibular joint.
What are cartilaginous joints? What are two examples?
They are made of fibrocartilage, and have a varying structure. They allow for a little movement. Examples of this are the intervertebral discs (in between vertebrae) and pubic symphysis.
How do bones grow lengthwise?
The cartilage in the growth plate has chondrocytes in it, which maintains the cartilage. The chondrocytes will continue to operate on the epiphysial side. but degenerate on the diaphysial side. Osteoblasts will then work on the diaphysial side, lengthening the bone.
How do bones grow in width?
Osteoblasts will create more circumferential lamallae, and the osteoclasts will break down the medullary cavity so the bone is not too dense/lacks too many nutrients
