Lecture: Race

Question 1

Social location/positionality

Answer 1

Combination of factors particular to each individual (gender, race, age, ability, etc) that influence our experiences

Question 2

Race (biological vs. social concept)

Answer 2

It is believed to be scientifically defined, but this is not factual. Race is actually a category of people who are perceived to share distinct physical characteristics that are deemed socially significant.

Question 3

Ethnicity

Answer 3

Shared cultural heritage or nationality. Regarded as an identity

Question 4

Differences/Similarities between Race and Ethnicity

Answer 4

DIFFERENCES:
-Race is more fixed and harder to hide
-Race is more based on others’ perception
SIMILARITIES:
-Socially defined
-Derive from history

Question 5

Immigration (+ push and pull factors)

Answer 5

Movement of people from one country to another. Push factors are aspects of a country that make someone want to leave and Pull factors are ones that make them want to live there.

Question 6

Brain Drain

Answer 6

Emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country

Question 7

Racism

Answer 7

Belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

Question 8

Prejudice

Answer 8

Favorable or unfavorable preconceived feelings or opinions formed without knowledge, reason, or thought that prevent objective consideration of an idea, individual, group, or thing

Question 9

Scapegoating

Answer 9

Act of blaming a person or group for something bad that’s happened or someone else has done

Question 10

Assimilation (melting pot)

Answer 10

Process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society

Question 11

Pluralism (cultural mosaic)

Answer 11

Mixing of different cultures in which each one retains its own unique identity

Question 12

Overt Discrimination

Answer 12

Clear and direct; not hidden

Question 13

Subtle Discrimination

Answer 13

Unclear or indirect; difficult to analyze or describe because of perpetrator’s motivations being unclear

Question 14

Systemic Discrimination

Answer 14

Prejudices embedded within the structures of a formal social organization and that create or perpetuate disadvantage for marginalized persons

Question 15

Adaptive Discrimination

Answer 15

Based on the prejudice of others. Someone isn’t prejudiced but knows others are and fears consequences from them.

Question 16

Cultural Racism

Answer 16

Ways in which the culture perpetuates the subordination of individuals based on their race

Question 17

Whitewashing

Answer 17

Deliberately attempting to conceal unpleasant or incriminating facts

Question 18

Conscious Discrimination

Answer 18

Overt negative behavior expressed through verbal and physical harassment or through more subtle means such as exclusion

Question 19

Unconscious / Implicit Discrimination

Answer 19

Bias operating outside someone’s awareness; may be in contradiction with their espoused beliefs and values

Question 20

Microaggression

Answer 20

Comment or action that subtly and often unconsciously or unintentionally expresses a prejudiced attitude toward a member of a marginalized group

Question 21

Critical Race Theory (4 tennets)

Answer 21

1. Race is socially constructed, NOT biologically grounded. It is used to oppress and exploit people of color
2. Racism is a normal, persistent, and defining characteristic of social institutions
3. Progress on racial issues occurs primarily during period of interest convergence (fits dominant group’s interests)
4. Individuals can’t be adequately understood by their membership in separate marginalized communities. Marginalization is INTERSECTIONAL

Question 22

Statistical Proportionality

Answer 22

Quality of being in proper balance or relation as to size or quantity, degree, or severity

Question 23

Social Desirability

Answer 23

Tendency for survey respondents to underreport undesirable attitudes and overreport desirable ones.

Question 24

Sampling Bias

Answer 24

Not including specific groups in surveys intentionally or unintentionally

Question 25

Intergenerational Trauma

Answer 25

Trauma that gets passed down from those who directly experience an incident to subsequent generations

Question 26

Statistical Discrimination

Answer 26

Groups are discriminated against on the basis of imperfect statistical distinctions between groups

Question 27

Contact Hypothesis

Answer 27

Contact between groups can shape the prejudices and opinions of those involved

Question 28

Feedback Loop

Answer 28

When outputs of a systems are routed back as inputs.

Question 29

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 29

Phenomenon whereby a person’s or group’s expectations for the behavior of another person o group serves actually to bring about the prophesized or expected behavior

Question 30

Matthew Effect

Answer 30

Upward and downward forces that enable the wealthy to stay rich and limits the poor from gaining ground

Question 31

Mastery

Answer 31

Feeling that one has personal control over one’s life. It decreases the more one feels like external factors limit their sense of control

Question 32

Relative Deprivation

Answer 32

Anger and resentment stemming from the perception of having less economic, political, and social resources and rights than other groups