Lecture Quizzes E3 Flashcards
T or F The intrapleural Pressure is always negative in normal breathing
True
According to the equation for bulk flow in the pulmonary system, negative flow is (expiration/inspiration)
Inspiration
The elastic recoil of the chest wall causes the chest wall to move (in/outward)
Outward
Which is greater
a. The compliance of the chest wall b. The compliance of the lung
- The compliance of the lung
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pulmonary system?
a. Defense against pathogens b. Regulating acid-base balance c. Regulating sodium and potassium concentrations d. Regulating sodium chemical messengers in the blood e. Trapping blood clots f. All of the above are functions of the pulmonary system
C - Regulating sodium and potassium concentrations (kidney function)
If lung compliance is too high,
a. Both Expiration and inspiration are more difficult b. Expiration is more difficult and inspiration is easier c. Both expiration and inspiration are easier d. Inspiration is more difficult and expiration is easier
B - Expiration is more difficult and inspiration is easier
During expiration, which is greater - the absolute value of the Ptm across the chest wall or the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the chest
A - The absolute value of the transmural pressure across the CW
According to the Law of Laplace, if surface tension were the same in all alveoli, only the (largest/smallest) alveoli would inflate
largest
During expiration, which is greater - the abs value of the elastic recoil of the lung or the absolute value of the transpulmonary pressure
The abs value of the elastic recoil of the lung
Normal resting expiration requires the contraction of…
a. Diaphragm b. None of these muscles c. Abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis, internal and external abdominal obliques, and transversus abdominis) d. External intercostal muscles e. Internal intercostal muscles
B - None of these muscles
If the Patm is 606 mmHg, what is the partial P of O2 in the trachea during mid-inspiration
117.39
Arterial Po2 is a measure of…
a. The [O2] in arterial blood b. Both the [o2] and the P exerted by O2 in arterial blood c. The pressure exerted by O2 in the arterial blood
a - [O2] in arterial blood
In response to low [O2], pulmonary arteries vaso(constrict/dilate)
Vasoconstrict
Which recceptor for epinephrine is on bronchiolar smooth muscle?
a. Alpha 1
b. M2
c. Beta 3
d. Beta 2
e. alpha 2
d. M3
d - Beta 2
Which protein does O2 bind to in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
What protein does H+ bind to in the blood
Hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin
Around the normal range, chemoreceptors are more sensitive to blood CO2/O2 levels
Blood CO2 levels
Hemoglobin has its highest affinity for O2 when Po2 values are between
a. 0-10 mmHg
b. 10-50 mmHg
c. 50-75mmHg
d. 75-100mmHg
B- 10-50 mmHg
Which of the following increase Hemoglobins affinity for O2?
a. Increased Pco2 b. Increased pH c. Increased DPG d. None of these selections would increase hemoglobins affinity for O2
B- Increased pH
Given the following, what is the filtered load? GFR = 125 mL/min plasma [x] = 4mg/ml time for urine collection = 1 hr 40 min Urine [x] - 10 mg/ml
500 mg/min
Which branch of the nervous system has increased activity to the urinary bladder and/or urinary sphincters during urination? (select all that apply)
a. The parasymp
b. the symp
c. all are inhibited during urination
d. somatic
A- The parasympathetic nervous system
Given the following, what is the GFR?
a. Urine colletion time: 3 hrs and 20 minutes b. Urine V: 400ml c. Urine inulin []: 110mg/ml d. Urine para-aminohippurate []: 1g/ml e. Plasma inulin [] = 2 mg/ml f. Plasma para-aminohippurate []: 4 mg/ml
110 ml/min
Given the following … assuming para-aminohippurate is freely filtered, it is netly …
a. Collection t: 3 hrs and 20 min b. Urine V; 400 ml c. Urine inulin []: 110 mg/ml d. Urine para-aminohippurate []: 1g/ml e. Plasma inulin []: 2 mg/ml f. Plasma para-aminohippurate []: 4mg/ml
Secreted
Given the following.. What is the clearance of inulin
a. Collection time: 3 hr 20 min b. Urine v: 400 ml c. Urine inulin []: 110 mg/ml d. Urine para-aminohippurate []: 1 g/ml e. Plasma inulin []: 2mg/ml f. Plasma para aminohippurate []: 4 mg/ml
110 ml/min
Given the following… what is the clearance of para-aminohippurate
a. Urine collection t: 3 hrs and 20 min b. Urine v: 400 ml c. Urine inulin []: 110 mg/ml d. Urine para-aminohippurate []: 1g/ml e. Plasma inulin []: 2 mg/ml f. Plasma para-aminohippurate []: 4 mg/ml
500 ml/min
As filtrate travels up the ascending loop of Henle, its osmolarity…
It decreases
What is the rate-limiting step in the creation of angiotensin II?
The conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin I
What are the primary chemicals reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle?
a. Phosphate b. Glucose c. Water d. Vitamins e. K+ f. Ca++ g. Aa h. Cl- i. Na+
K+ Cl- and Na+
What hormone is the primary regulator of sodium balance in healthy people?
a. Cortisol b. Epinephrine c. Atrial natriuretic factor d. Vasopressin e. Aldosterone f. Vitamin D g. Eythropoietin h. PTH
E- Aldosterone
What solute normally makes up around 50% of the solute in the urine?
Urea
Consuming which of the following would cause the greatest increase in plasma V?
a. Half a bag of potato chips b. a liter of water
Half a bag of potato chips
Which type of salt appetite predominates in humans?
Hedonistic appetite
Generally, at least on the short-term, it is more important for the kidney to maintain the extracellular amount of _(K+/Na+)___ at the normal V
K+
What is the main regulator of vasopressin secretion?
a. Bp b. osm c. stress
Osmolarity
T or F The reabsorption of bicarbonate ion from the filtrate involves the production of hydrogen phosphate in the tubule
False
