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FSU - Anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F Calcium must enter the cell through L-type Ca++ C in order for ryanodine receptors to open in cardiomyocytes

A

True

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2
Q

T or F Contraction of the papillary muscles opens the AV valves

A

False

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3
Q

T or F In response to a single AP in a cardiomyocyte, enough Ca+ enters the cytoplasm to completely saturate troponin

A

False

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4
Q

T or F Mean arterial pressure = DP + 1/3 PP is a deterministic Eq In physiology

A

False

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5
Q

T or F Normally, at rest, it takes about one minute to circulate the entire blood volume through the cardiovascular system

A

True

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6
Q

T or F The B2 adrenergic receptor can be present in the sympathetic synapses on vascular smooth muscle

A

False

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7
Q

T or F The function of the heart requires that cardiomyocytes do NOT develop tetanus

A

True

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8
Q

T or F The time between the QRS complex on an ECG and the first heart sound should be very consistent

A

True

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9
Q

A wave of depolarization moving towards the positive electrode would cause a(n) (Upward/Downward) deflection on an ECG

A

upward

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10
Q

A wave of repolarization moving towards the negative electrode would cause a(n) (Upward/Downward) deflection on an ECG

A

upward

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11
Q

Increased Venous return would ? CO

A

Increase CO

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12
Q

Most of the blood enters the ventricle during the (first/second) half of ventricular filling

A

first half

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13
Q

The higher the resistance in the arterioles, the (higher/lower) the pressure in the arteries

A

higher the pressure

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14
Q

The inactivation gate of the fast voltage-gated Na+ channel opens in response to (repol/depol)

A

repolerization

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15
Q

The left ventricle is (more/less) complaint than the right ventricle

A

less

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16
Q

The less compliant an artery is the (higher/lower) the pulse pressure

A

higher PP

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17
Q

The systolic pressure in the arteries occurs during …

A

systole

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18
Q

Assuming no change in venous return, an increase in contractility would, after a few beats, result in a (decrease/increase/no change) in end-diastolic ventricular volume

A

A decrease in EDV

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19
Q

Increasing arterial compliance (decrease/increase/no change) in MAP

A

no change in MAP

20
Q

The average hematocrit is (the same/higher/lower) in men than in women

A

higher in men

21
Q

Starling’s law of the hear affects …

a. HR
b. Parasymp activity
c. SV
d. symp activity

A

c - Stroke Volume

22
Q

Systole is marked by …

A

the closure of the AV valves

23
Q

The first heart sound is due to …

A

The closure of the AV valves

24
Q

Veins, by definition …

A

carry blood towards the heart

25
Q

Which channel in nodal cells brings the cell to threshold (just before the AP)?

A

the T-type Ca++ channel

26
Q

During exercise, cardiac output can increase up to x fold

A

7 fold

27
Q

Of the following, which are the most numerous in the blood?

a. Gases
b. ions
c. nutrients
d. proteins
e. waste products

A

b -ions

28
Q

What causes the F-type cation channel to open

A

Hyperpolarization

29
Q

Which of the following refers to the ventricular relaxation?

a. Diastole
b. p wayve
c. QRS complex
d. systole
e. T wave

A

a - diastole

30
Q

Penile arterioles are innervated by …

A

symp nerves releasing NO

31
Q

The upswing of the cardiomycocyte AP is due to …

A

fast-voltage gated Na+ channels

32
Q

The upswing of the nodal action potential is due to …

A

L-type Ca++ channels

33
Q

What causes the sinoatrial node to be the normal pacemaker of the heart?

A

The cells having the highest concentration of F-type cation channels

34
Q

Resistance to blood flow is determined by … (circle all that apply)

a. Blood flow
b. Differences in pressure between two points in the cardiovascular tree
c. The friction the blood experiences
d. The length of the blood vessel

A

cd - friction and length

35
Q

Which local control mechanisms involve, at least in part, a decrease in oxygen levels?

a. Active hyperemia
b. flow autoregulation
c. reactive hyperemia
d. response to injury

A

abc

36
Q

Which channels are present in cardiomyocytes, but not nodal cells?

A

Fast voltage-gated Na++ cells

37
Q

Which channels are present in nodal cells, but not cardiomyocytes?

A

F-type cation channels and T-type Ca++ channels

38
Q

PKA can phosphorylate which of the following proteins?

a. Ca pumps
b. Calreticulin
c. Fast-voltage gated sodium channels
d. F-type cation channels
e. Ryanodine receptors
f. Slow voltage-gated K+ channels
g. Sodium-potassium pumps
h. T-type Ca++ channels

A

a,d,f,g : Ca++ Pumps, F-type cat, L-type Ca++, ryanodine receptors

39
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system acts in the heart to ….

A

Decrease the permeability of the F-type cation channel and increase the permeability of the inward-rectifying K+ channel

40
Q

Match the hormone or paracrine factor with whether it is a a) vasoconstrictor, b) vasodilator, or c) both

a. Angiotensin II
b. Endothelin-I
c. Epinephrine
d. NO
e. Prostacyclin
f. Vasopressin

A

a, a, c, b, b, a

41
Q

Given the following, what is the ejection fraction in percent? EDV: 200m ESV: 50ml

A

75%

EF = (SV/EDV)

42
Q

What is the deterministic equation for change in pressure?

A

Change in pressure = change in volume / compliance

43
Q

What is the deterministic eq for bulk flow

A

Flow = change in pressure / resistance

44
Q

What three variables determine arterial pulse pressure?

A

SV, speed of ejection, and arterial compliance

45
Q

Which receptor is in the heart for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

beta 1 adrenergic receptor

46
Q

Draw the pressure curves for the left ventricle, left atrium, and aorta throughout the cardiac cycle.

A

Look at diagram

FSU - Anatomy (10 decks)

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