Lecture Part 1 Flashcards
Describe the muscular mechanisms controlling inhalation and exhalation
What does the upper respiratory consist of?
The upper respiratory consist of : Nose Nose cavity Paranasal sinuses Pharynx
What does the lower respiratory system consists of?
The lower respiratory consists of:
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
And lungs
What clinical infections do we come across when exploring the upper respiratory system?
Sinusitis
Tonsillitis
Pharyngitis
What is sinusitis?
Sinusitis is an infection of the sinus
What is tonsillitis?
Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils.
Could present differently depending on which time of infectious agent it’s caused by.
What is pharyngitis?
Pharyngitis is an infection or the pharynx. Often know as a sore throat.
What are some clinical infections we come across in the lower respiratory system?
Laryngitis Tracheitis Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Pleurisy Pneumonia
What is laryngitis?
Laryngitis is an infection of the larynx.
What is tracheitis?
Tracheitis is an infection of the trachea.
What is bronchitis?
Bronchitis is an infection of the bronchi.
What is bronchiolitis?
Bronchiolitis is an infection of the bronchioles.
What is pleurisy?
Pleurisy is inflammation of the pleura and is often caused by an infection.
What is pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection of the alveoli and lung.
On the thoracic cavity where are the true ribs?
The true ribs are found from rib 1 to rib 7 on the thoracic cavity.
On the thoracic cavity which ones are the false ribs.
The false ribs go from rib 8 to rib 12 in the thoracic cavity.
What are the accessory muscles in the thoracic and abdominal cavity that can be involved in inspiration and expiration?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle Parasternal intercoastal External abdominal oblique Internal abdominal oblique Transverse abdominis Rectus abdominis
What might accessory muscles be used?
The use of accessory muscles is usually due to a physiological response. This may involve lifting hands or bending over when out of breath. These muscles are used to help bring in more oxygen into the body and remove more Carbon dioxide.
What muscles are involved during inspiration and expiration?
Internal intercoastal muscle
External intercoastal muscle
Diaphragm
What happens during inspiration?
During inspiration:
1) diagram contracts and flattens which increases the thoracic cavity.
2) external intercostal muscles contact and move the rib cage upwards and outwards.
3) sternocleidomastoid also pulls the clavicle and rib cage upwards.
3) internal intercoastal muscles relax
The combination of all of this leads to the volume in the lungs to increase and pressure to fall beneath atmospheric pressure. Which then results in air being drawn into the lungs.
What happens during expiration?
During expiration:
The diagram relaxes and becomes dome shaped. The thoracic cavity reduces
The internal intercoastal muscles contract and pull the ribcage down.
The external intercostal muscles relax
This results in the volume of the cavity decreasing and pressure of the cavity increasing above atmospheric pressure. Which leads to air being forced out of the lungs.
