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Clinical Chemistry > Lecture One Objectives > Flashcards

Lecture One Objectives Flashcards

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1
Q

What tests are in a Lytes panel?

A

Na+, K+, Cl-, CO2

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2
Q

What tests are in a BMP?

A

Lytes, Glucose, Ca2+, BUN, Creatinine

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3
Q

What tests are in a CMP?

A

BMP, HFP

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4
Q

What tests are in a HFP?

A

Total protein, Albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

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5
Q

What tests are in a Lipid panel?

A

Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides

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6
Q

What are the fluid types used in clinical chemistry?

A

Blood, Urine, CSF, Synovial Fluid, Serous Fluid, Amniotic Fluid

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7
Q

What three fluids can come from blood?

A

Whole blood, plasma, serum

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7
Q

What three fluids can come from serous fluids?

A

Pericardial, pleural, peritoneal

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8
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Plasma has anti-coagulants which leaves the blood with clotting factors
Serum has no anti-coagulants which leaves blood with no clotting factors

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9
Q

What is the order of draw?

A

Waste, light blue, sst, pst, lav, gray

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10
Q

Why is the order of draw essential?

A

Because the anti-coagulants in the previous tubes could contaminate the blood in the tube and effect the patient results

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11
Q

What are the additives in a green tube?

A

Lithium, sodium, gel

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12
Q

What are the additives in a gray tube?

A

sodium fluoride (inhibits glucose), potassium oxalate (anti-coagulant)

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13
Q

What are the additives in a lav tube?

A

EDTA, K+

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14
Q

What are the additives in a SST tube?

A

Clot activator, gel separator

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15
Q

What are the additives in a red tube?

A

Clot activator

16
Q

What are the additives in a light blue tube?

A

Sodium citrate

17
Q

What are the serum tubes?

A

SST, red

18
Q

What are the plasma tubes?

A

Light blue, lav, gray, pst

19
Q

What would the outcome be for tube contamination?

A

If the tubes were not collected in the right draw order, the results can show that whatever additives contaminated the specimen because certain values will be wonky and these wonky results will most likely correspond with the additives in the collection tubes

20
Q

What is the best urine for anaylsis?

A

Timed or 24 hour because you could determine more precise information

20
Q

What are the different urine collection methods?

A

Random, first morning, 24 hour, timed

21
Q

What are the three factors that can affect chemistry analytes?

A

Physiologic factors, patient preparation (fasting), errors

22
Q

What are some physiologic factors?

A

Gender, age, environment, time of day, activity

23
Q

What are the 3 main categories of errors affecting chemistry analytes?

A

Pre-analytical, analytical, post-analytical

24
Q

What are some pre-analytical errors?

A

Labeling, processing, clotting time, wrong test ordered, wrong amount

25
Q

What are some analytical errors?

A

Machines, QC, technician

26
Q

What are some post analytical error?

A

Results reported incorrectly, results sent to the wrong place, results delayed or missing

27
Q

What is a reference interval?

A

This is the reference range, where the value “should” test at based on a healthy population of people

28
Q

How is a reference range established?

A

By a population of normal healthy people

29
Q

What is difference between a consensus reference interval and a statistical reference range?

A

A consensus reference interval is when test results can be correlated with medical decisions of medical professionals (ex: ADA (American Diabetes Association), AHA (American Heart Association)
A statistical reference range is when a test does not have a clear association with a disease

30
Q

What is an analytical range (AMR)?

A

The machine range that has an upper range and a lower range that it has to measure within, standard curve and calibration

31
Q

How would a test report if the analyte concentration is less than the lower limit of linearity or higher then the upper limit of linearity?

A

If the test is less, you would report that it is lower than the limit of linearity
If the test is higher, you should dilute and report after that (we should try to dilute as little as possible)

32
Q

What is the QC range?

A

The range for the analyzer, like a reference range

33
Q

What is the difference between a calibration and a control?

A

A calibration is the standard (standard curve, AMR)
The control is what we use to make sure we are testing in the right range

34
Q

When is something considered “in control”?

A

When the QC tests are falling within the target range

35
Q

When is something considered “out of control”?

A

When the QC tests are not falling within the target range

36
Q

What is the process of establishing a QC range?

A

We would run something so many times and get within a standard deviation

37
Q

Why is it important take immediate action when a test is “out of control”?

A

Because the patients can be treated wrong when they get the wrong results

Clinical Chemistry (6 decks)

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