Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Lecture Number 4 - Structure And Functions Of Macromolecules > Flashcards

Lecture Number 4 - Structure And Functions Of Macromolecules Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Backbone of molecules

A

Carbon based molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbons distinctive properties

A

Four valence electrons, can form four covalent bonds with other moelcules or atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functional groups of carbon

A

Componets that attatch itself to carbon to give it distinct properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Polymer

A

Composed of monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Monomers

A

Single unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do monomers create polymers

A

Dehydration reaction happens when two or more monomers join together because of the loss of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enzymes

A

Macromolecules that speed up dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polymores to monomers

A

Hydrolysis break down polymers into monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large molecules compsed of thousand of covalent bonded atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 groups of macromolecules

A

Protein
Carb
Lipids
Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Include sugars and polymers of sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Polyssaccharides

A

Polymoers composed of many sugar building blocks

Linked toether b glycosidic bonds formed by condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Fuel fr ceels and raw material for building molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structural isomers

A

Identical moelcular formulas but diff structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sucorse

A

Glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose and galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Roles of polysaccharides

A

To store energy

Structural polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cellulose

A

Indigetsibkle polysaccharide made by reapting units of glucose
Humans lack enzyme to digest cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lipids n

A

Form of biological molecules that do not form polymers

Have little to n affnity bfor water, hydrophobic

21
Q

Why do lipids have little affinity for water

A

Made up of hydrocarbons which are non polar covelnt bonds

22
Q

Roles of lipids

A

Store energy
Insulates from cold
Protect internal organs

23
Q

What are the 2 molecules fat is made from

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

24
Q

Glycerol

A

3 carbon alchahol with hydrocl group attcthed

25
Q

Fatty acids

A

Hold alot of energy

26
Q

Satrurated fats

A

Saturated fatty acids

Max amount of hydrigen atoms and no douvblen bonds

27
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Unsatirated fatty acids
One or more double bonds
Certain unsaturated fats cannot be made by the human body

28
Q

Omega 3

A

Essetial fatty acid

29
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Turnin unstaurated fats into saturated fats by adding hydrogen

30
Q

Trans fats

A

Created from hydrogenation, conatin double bonds

31
Q

Two major components of all cell membranes

A

Phospholipid molecules

Protein molecules

32
Q

Phospholipids

A

Composed of two fatty acids and phosphate group, attatched to glycverol

33
Q

Steroids

A

Consist of four interlocking carbn ring compounds hat attahc to various molecules

34
Q

Hormones

A

Compunds released by specific cells in one area of the organism that sned out messages that affect other cells

35
Q

Lipid soluble

A

Diffuse dairly easy frm blood into other target cytoplams

36
Q

Proteins

A

50% of dry mass in the body

Broken down into amino acids

37
Q

Amino acid monomers

A

Organic molecules with carboxyl and amino acid groups

Can be used to make the proteins that the body needs

38
Q

Amino acid polymers

A

Liked by peptide bonds

39
Q

Polypeptide

A

Polymer of amino acids

Each has a unique linear sequence of amino acids

40
Q

Funtional protein

A

One or more polypeptides formed into a unique shape

41
Q

What determines a proteins 3d shape

A

The sequence of amino acids

42
Q

Primary structure

A

Determined by inherited genetic infto

Number of infot and sequence

43
Q

Secondary structure

A

Coilds and folds from hydrogen bonds from repeating constituents of th ebackbone

44
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Determined by interactions between R groups

Interactiosn include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions

45
Q

Disulfide bridges

A

Strong covalent bonds that reinforce the protein conformation

46
Q

Quarterary structure

A

Two or more polypeptide cahins from one macromolecule

47
Q

Collagen

A

Fiborous protein that contains 3 polypeptides

48
Q

Sickle cells desease

A

Examples of a chnge in primary stricture
Inherited blood disorder where glutamic acid is substitudes with valine (one small chnage in primary structure can affect proteins configuration)

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions