Lecture: neuro exam

Question 1

Indications for neuro exam

Answer 1

1. seizures
2. behavior changes, circling
3. paresis
4. ataxia
5. pain
6. lameness
7. trauma

Question 2

six components of neuro exam

Answer 2

1. mentation
2. gait & posture
3. cranial nerves
4. postural reactions (proprioception)
5. segmental reflexes
6. palpation & range of motion

Question 3

CN I

Answer 3

• Olfaction
• don’t really test

Question 4

CN II

Answer 4

• Optic nerve
• tests
  
  • obstacle course
  • pupillary light reflex
    
    • II & III
  • menace reflex
    
    • II & VII
    • absent in small prey species
  • dazzle reflex
    
    • II & VII

Question 5

CN III

Answer 5

• Oculomotor
• somatic fibers
  
  • dorsal rectus
  • medial rectus
  • ventral rectus ventral oblique
  • levator palpebrae of the superior eyelid
• parasympathetic motor fibers
  
  • pupillary constriction

Question 6

CN IV

Answer 6

• Trochlear
• motor to dorsal oblique
• difficult to test

Question 7

CN V

Answer 7

• Trigeminal
• Sensory branches
  
  • ophthalmic nerve (V1)
    
    • orbital fissure
  • Maxillary nerve (V2)
• Motor Branch
  
  • mandibular nerve (V3)
    
    • oval foramen
  • muscles of mastication
    
    • pterygoid mm
    • digastricus m
    • temporalis m
    • masseter m
    • tensor veli palatini m

Question 8

CN VI

Answer 8

• Abducent
• lesion
  
  • medial strabismus with inability to retract globe

Question 9

CN VII

Answer 9

• Facial
• Motor
  
  • facial expression
• Sensory
  
  • taste
  • palate
  • rostral 2/3 tongue
  • inner surface of pinna

Question 10

CN VIII

Answer 10

• Vestibulocochlear
• Vestibular
  
  • sensory for orientation of head
  • physiologic nystagmus
  • pathologic nystagmus
  • strabismus
  • head tilt
  • ataxia
• Cochlear
  
  • sensory for hearing
  • difficult to test
  • baer test

Question 11

CN IX

Answer 11

• Glossopharyngeal
• muscles of pharynx
• PS to zygomatic and parotid
• sensory to caudal 1/3 of tongue, pharyngeal mucosa

Question 12

CN X

Answer 12

• Vagus
• pharynx, larynx, palate
• PS to body viscera
• sensory to caudal pharynx, larynx, viscera

Question 13

CN XI

Answer 13

• Accessory
• cervical muscles

Question 14

CN XII

Answer 14

• Hypoglossal
• somatic efferent neurons
• motor to tongue muscles
• sternohyoid and sternothyroid mm
• look for
  
  • asymmetrical tongue
  • tongue strength

Question 15

Testing cranial nerves

Menace

Answer 15

• Afferent: CN II
• Efferent: CN VII

Question 16

Testing cranial nerves

PLR

Answer 16

• Afferent: CN II
• Efferent: PS CN III

Question 17

Testing cranial nerves

Palpebral

Answer 17

• Medial canthus: afferent: V opth Efferent: VII
• Lateral canthus: afferent V max Efferent: VII

Question 18

Testing cranial nerves

Facial symmetry

Answer 18

• CN VII

Question 19

Testing cranial nerves

Physiologic Nystagmus

Answer 19

• Afferent: CN VII
• Efferent: CN III, IV, VI
• Strabismus, positional nystagmus

Question 20

Testing cranial nerves

Gag

Answer 20

• Afferent: CN IX, X
• Efferent: IX

Question 21

Testing cranial nerves

Tongue function

Answer 21

• CN XII