Lecture MT 1 Review Flashcards
What is the term for immature cells in the peripheral pool?
shift to the left
What is the most common adulthood leukemia?
CLL
What leukemia has smudge cells?
CLL
The study of blood and its formed elements is termed ____
hematology
What are the 3 major criteria for polycythemia vera?
- splenomegaly
- normal O2 sat
- ^RBC mass
What test is used to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemias?
DAT/Coomb’s test
Total WBCs multiplied by the percent of cell type is called ____, and should be considered when evaluating a WBC differential for disease.
absolute concentration
Hemophilia B is a deficiency in what factor?
IX
What is the main storage form of iron?
Ferritin
What is the most useful test in evaluating iron status?
Ferritin
What type of test is used to evaluate the course of a disease, effectiveness of drug therapies, and/or detect complications?
monitoring
What test is used to monitor warfarin (coumadin) therapy?
prothrombin time (PT)
What test is used to evaluate the extrinsic and common pathways?
Prothrombin time (PT)
What is the primary regulator of erythropoiesis?
EPO
(produced in kidney)
A WBC count greater than 50,000 cubic millimetres with the WBC differential showing more than 5% immature cells which is not neoplastic is called ____
leukemoid reaction
What wintrobe indices is most commonly used to classify anemia?
MCV
What wintrobe indices evaluate the average red blood cell size and volume?
MCV
OSHA recommends ____ precautions to be followed when working with blood or bodily fluids
universal
Heparin exhibits an anticoagulant effect by working with which inhibitor of coagulation?
antithrombin 3
(ATIII)
What is the best lab test to monitor patients on heparin therapy?
APTT
The most common cause of neutrophilia is ____
bacterial infection / tissue necrosis
Hemoglobin A2 over what percent is diagnostic for beta thalassemia minor?
5%
What thalassemia is also called Cooleys Anemia?
beta thalassemia major
What coagulation test would be elevated in a patient with DIC due to the body’s attempt to lyse the abnormal clotting?
D-Dimer OR fibrin split products
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
systemic activation of coagulation with widespread thrombosis consumes platelets & fibrinogen resulting in hemorrhage
What determines the mean reference range from a sample of individuals in a lab test?
Gaussian Standard Deviation
What statistical concept is used to calculate normal reference ranges?
Gaussian distribution
What 2-part test was historically used for patients suspected of having pernicious anemia or malabsorption?
Schilling’s test
One hemoglobin molecule consists of how many loosely bound globin chains?
4
How are globin chains of a hemoglobin molecule arranged?
2 pairs:
- 2 alpha chains
- 2 of another type
What statistical analysis term refers to the ability of a lab test to give normal results in a patient without a particular disease thus avoiding a false positive?
specificity
What is the most reliable measure of RBC production rate?
reticulocyte count
Which anemia is a RBC hypoproliferative disorder?
ACD (anemia of chronic disease)
What terms of RBC morphology would apply to RBC indices findings on patients with ACD?
normocytic
normochromic
What leukemia has Auer rods?
AML
What term applies to lab testing done when a patient is not ill and the results can usually offer a better reference value than standard normal ranges in interpreting a patient’s data?
baseline values
What tests for the presence of hemoglobin in stool?
Guaiac/occult blood/hemoccult test
What is the iron transport protein?
transferrin
What reflects the rate of iron delivery to tissues?
transferrin
What finding on RBC indices would indicate a macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia?
^MCV
What wintrobe indices evaluates the uniformity of RBC size and shape?
RDW (Red cell distribution width)
What inhibits vitamin K dependent gamma carboxylation?
Coumadin
What value allows for comparison from one lab to another to monitor a stable dose of a patient’s coumadin (warfarin)
INR (international normalized ratio)
In primary hemostasis, the aggregation of additional platelets is mediated by what?
glycoprotein IIb & IIIa
What anemia has Heinz bodies?
G6P deficiency
What type of lab test looks for evidence of disease in asymptomatic people?
screening
Intrinsic coagulation protein activation activates what to convert factor XII to XIIa?
contact phase protein
What test is used to evaluate the intrinsic and common pathways?
(activated) Partial thromboplastin time (APTT / PTT)
What are the findings for RBCs, WBCs, and platelets in a patient with aplastic anemia?
all decreased
What lab testing is currently most useful in confirming or ruling out pernicious anemia, replacing Schilling test?
Anti Parietal Cell Antibodies and Anti-Intrinsic Factor Antibodies
What bleeding disorder would have lab results of increased APTT, normal PT, and a deficiency in factor VIII?
hemophilia A
(aaaaate = factor 8)
What test evaluates the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and can be used to assess dysfibrinogenemia?
thrombin time
What test assesses the quantity of platelets?
platelet count
What test is an in-vivo assessment of platelet function assessing the adhesion and aggregation, and detects qualitative defects?
bleeding time (BT)
Name the vitamin K dependent coagulation factors.
- II (prothrombin)
- VII
- IX
- X
In the presence of heparin, what vitamin K-dependent factors are inhibited by ATIII?
II, IX, X
(NOT VII)
What causes macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia?
B12/folate deficiency
What are the 4 steps of primary hemostasis?
- Adhesion to collagen
- Release of platelet contents
- Aggregation of additional platelets
- Provision of Phospholipid surface
Name 4 hemolytic tests.
- ^LDH
- ^Total bilirubin
- ^reticulocytes
- decreased haptoglobin
What are the lab findings for anemia of chronic disease?
- low serum Fe
- low TIBC
- low O2 sat
- normal ferritin
