Lecture Final Review Flashcards
What newer test is being used to help in the diagnosis of RA?
ACPA
If ELISA is positive for ANAs, what test is run to determine the pattern of staining?
IFA
What autoimmune disorder is characterized by excessive deposition of collagen throughout the body, particularly in the skin?
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
What are the relevant laboratory findings for systemic sclerosis/scleroderma?
- ANA positive
- MC autoantibody = Anti-Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase1)
What is the most common hyperthyroid disorder?
Graves disease
A finding of high T4, low TSH, and positive TSH receptor antibodies is indicative of ____
Graves disease
What is the most important test in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia?
PTH
The T3 Resin Uptake Test (RT3U or T3U) should only be used in conjunction with the T4 test to calculate ____
FTI (free thyroxine index)
What test is used to estimate the available binding sites on TBG protein?
T3U
(inversely proportional to binding sites available)
What test is often the initial test in thyroid disease?
TSH
What 24-hour urine test is used to assess adrenal medullary production of catecholamines?
VMA (Vanillylmandelic acid)
The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis in children is ____
cystic fibrosis
What measurement is often used in patients with recurrent ulcers?
Gastrin levels
What laboratory test is used to assess for a major cause of peptic ulcer disease?
serologic (immunologic) test
(measures Ab’s to H. pylori)
What test is used to screen for ulcerated lesions of the GI tract, especially colon carcinoma?
occult blood
(in stool)
What transaminase is found highest in the liver, and is used as a liver function test?
ALT
(higher than AST in most liver Dz)
What is the congenital disorder of defective conjugation, resulting in increased indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin?
Gilbert’s disease
Loss of hepatic ability to metabolize proteins results in accumulation of ____, which signals end-stage liver disease.
ammonia (NH3; toxic to CNS)
What is the most abundant plasma protein?
albumin
A congenital deficiency in ____ may cause early onset emphysema or infantile hepatitis.
alpha1-antitrypsin
What is the most sensitive acute phase reactant (APR)?
CRP
Cytokines stimulate hepatic synthesis of ____, which are proteins that modify the inflammatory response.
APRs
What laboratory test can be used to quantitatively measure and visualize the individual heavy chains and light chains involved in an immunoglobulin disorder?
IEP (immunoelectrophoresis)
The overall balance between protein anabolism (synthesis) and catabolism (breakdown) is called ____
nitrogen balance
Which plasma protein is a good indicator of short-term nutritional status due to its short half-life?
prealbumin (transthyretin)
The initial evaluation of patients for renal disease involves serum measurement of what values?
BUN & creatinine
What is the most commonly used renal clearance test, which is an indicator of glomerular filtration rate?
creatinine clearance test
What is the term for when the plasma concentration of a substance normally reabsorbed by the renal tubules reaches the maximal concentration of tubular reabsorption, appearing in the urine?
renal threshold
A urinalysis finding of positive bilirubin, but a normal or low urobilinogen indicates ____
biliary obstruction
(does not ^urobilinogen)
Which tumor marker is most commonly used in monitoring breast cancer?
CA 15-3
Which tumor marker is used in monitoring ovarian and endometrial cancer?
CA 125
What was the 1st widely used tumor marker, which is used in the management of colorectal and GI cancers?
CEA
