Lecture: Introduction Flashcards
Name 4 types of microorgansims
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- parasites
- fungi
TRUE or FALSE
Bacteria is Eukaryotic
FALSE bacteria is prokaryotic
TRUE or FALSE
Parasites & Fungi are Eukaryotic
TRUE
List the two parts of naked virus
- capsid
- Nucleic acid
List the 4 parts of enveloped virus
- envelope
- spike
- capsid
- nucleic acid
Name the four routes of transmission
- direct
2.indirect - horizontal (insect vector)
- vertical (mother to fetus)
Define direct
person to person contact, contact with bodily fluid
Define indirect
contaminated objects, food, water; animal-to-person
Define Horizontal (insect vector)
mosquitos, fleas, ticks
Define Vertical (mother to fetus)
Across the placenta, during delivery or through breastfeeding (HIV-1)
Name the 5 types of microorganisms
- Microbiome (normal flora)
- Commensal (resident, symbiotic, core microbiome)
- Transient colonization (transients, secondary
microbiome) - Opportunistic (carrier state)
- Pathogenic
What is endogenous flora ?
Endogenous flora refers to the natural microorganisms residing in the human body
TRUE OR FALSE
There are over 1,000 species and billions of organisms spread across different body regions
TRUE
What is microbiota?
cohorts of microbes in specific body regions
Name 3 benefits of microbes
- Process digested food
- Provide essential vitamins/growth factors
- Protect against invasion of pathogens
TRUE or FALSE microbota is NOT in constant state of flux
FALSE
TRUE/FALSE microbiota is dependent on age,health and diet
TRUE
What is dysbiosis?
Microbial populations change in response to illness or
treatment with antibiotics
What is virulence?
circumstances that allow a microorganism to
achieve infection and cause disease with varying
degrees of severity
Name the 5 factors for Virulence
- gaining access to the body
- avoiding multiple host defenses
- colonization of the host
- parasitizing host resources
- inducing toxicity and damage
What is Human Microbiome Project (HMP)?
Effort to sample and analyze the genome of microbes
from five sites on the human body
* Nose
* Oral cavity
* Skin
* Gastrointestinal tract
* Urogenital tract
