Lecture 1: Viral Classification Flashcards
Name 4 microorganisms
- viruses
- bacteria
- fungi
- parasites (worm)
True or False
Parasitic cysts do NOT have cells walls
FALSE
Parasitic cysts DO have cell walls
True or False
A few bacteria grow only within cells
TRUE
True or False
the life cycle of some parasites includes intracellular multiplication
TRUE
Name the 4 routes of transmission
- Direct
- Indirect
- Horizontal (insect vector)
- Vertical (mother to fetus)
What is direct route of transmission?
person to person contact, contact with bodily fluid
What is indirect route of transmission?
contaminated objects, food, water; animal-to-person
What is Horizontal (insect vector) route of transmission?
mosquitos, fleas, ticks
What is Vertical route of transmission?
Across the placenta, during delivery or through breastfeeding (HIV-1)
What is virulence?
circumstances that allow a microorganism to achieve infection and cause disease with varying degrees of severity
Name 5 virulence factors
- gaining access to the body
- avoiding multiple host defenses
- colonization of the host
- parasitizing host resources
- inducing toxicity and damage
What type of pathogens are all viruses?
All viruses are intracellular pathogens
True or False
Viruses can replicate WITHOUT using the host’s cellular machinery
FALSE
All viruses MUST use some components of the hosts
cellular biosynthetic machinery
True or False
All viruses are nucleic acid based
TRUE
How do viruses replicate?
All viruses replicate by assembly of components
What are the three main components of all viruses?
All viruses are composed of the viral genome, a protective coat & associated enzymes/proteins
Nucleic Acids
DNA or RNA
single or double stranded
linear or circular
continuous or segmented genome
Outer layer
capsid (naked)
envelope
VAPs (viral attachment proteins)
Capsid Shape
spherical
icosahedral (icosadeltahedral)
filamentous
brick-shaped
bullet-shaped
Name the steps of Viral Classification
- Recognize target cell
- Attachment
- Penetration/Fusion
- Uncoating of virion
- Transcription
- Protein synthesis
- Replication
- Assembly
- Release
What steps of viral classifcation are early phase ?
1-4
What steps of viral classifcation are late phase?
5-9
What steps of viral classifcation are eclipse period?
4-7
What steps of viral classifcation are latent period?
4-9
