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Carrington Bio26 > Lecture exam 2 actual questions > Flashcards

Lecture exam 2 actual questions Flashcards

1
Q

When a lymphocyte has matured and does not attack cells of the body, it is said to
have developed ______________________.
self-tolerance
immunocompetence
humoral immunity
hypersensitivity

A

self-tolerance

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2
Q 
Which of the following is one of the functions of the spleen?
  filters aged red blood cell 
  all of the above are true 
  proliferation of lymphocytes 
  site of fetal RBC production
A

all of the above

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3
Q

In the following reaction in plasma CO2 + H20 → H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3-
During normal breathing, the end product, H+, will ____________.
leave the RBC and enter the plasma
bind to plasma protein
bind to H20
bind to Hb

A

bind to Hb

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4
Q

Apneustic breathing (apnea) is characterized by a pause in breathing.
True
False

A

True

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5
Q

Which of the following is true if you are exposed to an antigen for the second time?
Your immune system has a weaker response
Your immune response would be the same as the first exposure
Your immune response is stronger and faster
It takes longer for your immune system to respond

A

Your immune response is faster and stronger

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6
Q

If a cell has a foreign antigen attached to a Class II MHC protein, that is a signal that
can be interpreted as which one of the following statements?
“This antigen is dangerous- get rid of it!”
“I am an immune system cell”
“I am an immune system cell” and “This antigen is dangerous- get rid of it!”
“I am a normal liver cell”
“I am a normal liver cell” and “This antigen is dangerous- get rid of it!”

A

I am an immune system cell and this antigen is dangerous-get rid of it!

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7
Q 
All of the following are considered non-specific body defense except\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  complement 
  antibodies 
  inflammation 
  phagocytosis
A

antibodies

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8
Q 
When lymphatics are blocked due to tumors, the result is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  shrinkage of local tissue 
  severe localized edema 
  decreased localized pressure 
  Increased localized lymph drainage
A

Severe localized edema

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9
Q

Breast milk containing antibodies given to an infant is an example of ________ .
Artificially-acquired passive immunity
Naturally-acquired passive immunity
Naturally-acquired active immunity
Artificially-acquired active immunity

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

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10
Q 
The formation of an antigen-antibody complex can lead to: 
I - Agglutination 
II - Neutralization 
III - Transformation
IV - Activation of complement
  I, II, and IV 
  II and III 
  I and IV 
  I and II
A

I, II, IV

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11
Q 
If Clare has no B cells, she would have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  Impaired cell-mediated immunity 
  Both a and b 
  Neither a or b 
  Impaired humoral immunity
A

Impaired humoral immunity

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12
Q 
Lymph formed in your right leg will drain into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to re-enter the blood    
      stream
  Thoracic duct 
  bronchomediastinal trunk 
  Left lymphatic duct 
  Right lymphatic duct
A

Right lymphatic duct

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13
Q 
The lymphatic organ(s) which specifically protects the ear, nose, and throat is/are    
         \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  Thymus 
  Lymph nodes 
  Spleen 
  Tonsils
A

tonsils

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14
Q 
How does interferon work in immune system?
  inhibits viral reproduction 
  lyses cancer cells 
  phagocytizes antigens 
  forms membrane attack complex
A

inhibits viral reproduction

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15
Q 
Which of the following is the typical site of T and B cell created?
  Lymph nodes 
  Liver 
  Red bone marrow 
  Thymus
A

Thymus

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16
Q 
Air is warmed within the nasal cavity by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  cilia 
  blood in the capillaries 
  vibrissae 
  mucus
A

Blood in the capillaries

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17
Q 
Which of the following laryngeal cartilage(s) protects the lower airway from foreign
      objects?
  cuneiform 
  epiglottis 
  arytenoid 
  cricoid
A

epiglottis

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18
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?
Intrapulmonary pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure
Intrapulmonary pressure is always greater than atmospheric pressure
Intrapleural pressure is always greater than intrapulmonary pressure
Intrapleural pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure

A

intra pleural pressure is always less than intrapulmonary pressure

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19
Q 
Which of the following is involved in B cell activation?
  Cytokine (chemical) 
  All of the above 
  Antigen 
  Helper- T cell
A

All of the above

20
Q

What would you expect if you went to high elevations and your alveolar PO2 dropped to 80 mm Hg?
hemoglobin would have a much lower affinity for O2
hemoglobin would be almost as highly saturated as at sea level

A

hemoglobin would be almost as highly saturated as at sea level

21
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors are stimulated by _____________.
changes in blood PO2
changes in blood pressure
changes in CSF PCO2
changes in CSF PO2

A

Changes in blood PO2

22
Q 
The abdominal muscles are active during \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  Forced inspiration 
  Forced expiration 
  Quiet expiration 
  Quiet inspiration
A

forced expiration

23
Q 
Cutting the phrenic nerves will result in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  paralysis of intercostals muscles 
  diaphragmatic reflex 
  paralysis of the diaphragm 
  paralysis of the epiglottis
A

paralysis of the diaphragm

24
Q

Which of the following is true of cytotoxic T-cells?
They are the only T cells to directly attack an infected cell
All of the following are true
They release a chemical similar to those released by NK cells
In order to function, they require Helper T-Cell

A

all the following are true

25
Q

At higher body temperature, the Hb-O2 affinity would ______.
increase
decrease

26
Q 
Which is not a form of how CO2 is transported in the blood?
  As dissolved gas 
  As carbaminohemoglobin 
  As bicarbonate ion 
  As carbon monoxide
A

as carbon monoxide

27
Q

The pitch of a person’s voice depends on:
The tension placed on the true vocal cords
The thickness of the true vocal cords
The force with which air rushes through the glottis
Two of the above are correct

A

two of the above are correct

28
Q 
In the inflammatory response, mast cells release histamine which causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  heat and redness in localized area 
  reduction in pain 
  reduction in swelling 
  vasoconstriction
A

Heat and redness in localized area

29
Q

Which respiratory muscles would contract as you blew air into a balloon? (exhale only)
External intercostal
Diaphragm
Internal intercostals
All of the following are true

A

internal intercostals

30
Q 
Rank the following in terms of diameter (large to small).
 1 - Alveolar Duct 
 2 - Tertiary Bronchus 
 3 - Trachea 
 4 - Secondary Bronchus
  4,3,1,2 
  2,1,3,4 
  3,2,4,1 
  3,4,2,1
31
Q 
Which of the following cells forms the walls of alveoli?
  Endothelial cells 
  Type II cells 
  Type I cells 
  Clara cells
A

Type I cells

32
Q 
The nose serves all the following functions except:
  Initiator of the cough reflex 
  Cleansing inspired air 
  Warming and humidifying inspired air 
  Passageway for air movement
A

initiator of the cough reflex

33
Q 
Progressing from the nasopharynx to the lung, alveoli are first encountered in which of the following?
  Terminal bronchiole 
  Trachea 
  Bronchiole 
  Respiratory bronchiole
A

respiratory bronchiole

34
Q

Opsonization of a bacterium may lead to a(n) __________________ in phagocytosis.
increase
decrease

35
Q

Scenario: Jill spent an hour at the gym lifting weights. Her muscles produced lactic acid which diffused into her blood. In response to the lactic acid in her blood, she would breath __________.
more slowly
her breathing would not change
deeper

36
Q

Scenario: Jill spent an hour at the gym lifting weights. Her muscles produced lactic acid which diffused into her blood. CO2 would diffuse from her muscles into her systemic capillaries because _______.
PO2 is higher in the blood than in the tissues
PO2 is lower in the blood than in the tissues
PCO2 is higher in the tissues than in the blood
PCO2 is lower in the tissues than in the blood

A

PCO2 is higher in the tissues than in the blood

37
Q

Factors which may influence respiratory rate or depth include ________.
all of the following

anticipation of exercise
strong emotions
smoke irritating the trachea

A

all of the following

38
Q

Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) function by ________.
both are correct
engulfing an antigen then displaying a fragment outside the membrane
activating T cells

A

Engulfing an antigen then displaying a fragment outside the membrane

39
Q

Dalton’s law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of
the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.
True
False

40
Q

Which of the following diminishes lung compliance?
impaired the flexibility of thoracic cage
All of the following are true
blocked bronchia
increased surface tension

A

All of the following are true

41
Q 
Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  turbinate bones 
  blood supply in nasal cavity 
  ciliated mucous lining the nose 
  actions of the epiglottis
A

ciliated mucous lining in the nose

42
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?
  It is specific for a given organ 
  It is systemic 
  It is antigen-specific 
  It has memory
A

It is specific for a given organ

43
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the inflammatory response?
replaces injured tissue with connective tissue
sets the stage for repair process
disposes cellular debris and pathogens
prevents the spread of microbes

A

Replaces injured tissue with connective tissue

44
Q 
Which of the following increase hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
  increase pH 
  increase Pco2
  increase temperature 
  decrease pH
A

increase Pco2

45
Q

The mechanism of the “lethal hit” of cytotoxic T cells involves a protein called
perforin.
True
False

Carrington Bio26 (10 decks)

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