Lecture exam 1- actual questions Flashcards
Calcium ions enter intrinsic (autorhythmic) cardiac muscle cells during which period of an action potential?
plateau phase
A second increase in aortic pressure when aortic semilunar valves close and blood rebounds off the valves is marked as the _______________.
dicrotic notch
The white blood cell, ____________, enters tissue and differentiates into a macrophage.
monocyte
The P wave of a normal ECG indicates _____________.
atrial depolarization
The pericardial cavity __________.
contains lubricating fluid called serous fluid
If the length of absolute refractory period in contractile cardiac muscle cells were the same as it is in skeletal muscle cells, what would happen?
Tetanus may occur, which causes the heart to remain in contraction for a longer period of time
Cardiac output is equal to:
HRxSV
Which of the following is NOT true of intercalated discs?
They have structures which prevents the flow of ions.
What effect would compressing the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm have on the cardiovascular system?
stroke volume would decrease
heart rate would eventually increase
All of the answers are correct
cardiac output would decrease
All of the answers are correct
The effects of endurance- type athletic training may result in a lower heart rate. This phenomenon:
is caused by hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle
The second heart sound, “dup”, is heard in which phase of the cardiac cycle?
isovolumetric relaxation
During the early period of ventricular filling _________.
blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves
Large arteries near the heart are pulsatile because ____________.
they contain structures that allow the vessel to stretch and recoil
Why does the sinoatrial node function as the pacemaker of the heart, and not some other part of the conduction system?
it depolarizes faster than other regions
Which of the following is likely during exercise?
Capillary beds of active muscles will have open shunts
A blood clot in the first branch off the aortic arch would affect blood flow to the
______.
right side of the head, neck and right upper arm`
Which of the following is not a resistance factor? blood color vessel length vessel diameter blood viscosity
blood color
Aldosterone will\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. increase blood pressure decrease blood volume increase urine output decrease sodium reabsorption
increase blood pressure
The chemical which decreases blood pressure is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. epinephrine angiotensin II antidiuretic hormone (ADH) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
ANP reduces blood volume and pressure by _________.
promoting release of ADH
promoting kidneys to reabsorb water
causing vasoconstriction
promoting kidneys to excrete more sodium
promoting kidneys to excrete more sodium
Factors that aid in venous return include all except: activity in skeletal muscles urinary output pressure changes in thorax venous valves
urinary output
If blood pressure is too high, baroreceptors will send information to the nervous system to increase vasodilation and decrease heart rate.
True
False
true
All blood cells are formed in the liver thymus lymph tissue red bone marrow
red bone marrow
Which of the following is a cell fragment? platelet monocyte lymphocyte eosinophil
platelet
Which part of hemoglobin does O2 bind to in RBCs?
Fe+ in heme
Fe+ in heme and amino acid in globin
amino acid in globin
neither Fe+ in heme nor amino acid in globin
amino acid in globin
In which phase of the cardiac cycle would you expect a steady EDV, an increase in
ventricular pressure, and the first heart sound “lub”?
isovolumetric contraction
Erythrocytes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. require oxygen for aerobic metabolism none of the above both a and b transport oxygen
transport oxygen
Which of the following may trigger the release of erythropoietin? hypoxia in kidneys increased number of RBCs decreased tissue demand of oxygen moving to lower altitude
hypoxia in kidneys
Stroke volume increases when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated. Which sequence is correct in describing this event?
1 - Ca2+ channels open Ca2+ released from SR
2 - actin binding sites are exposed
3 - SNS release NE
4 - increase of contraction
4,1,3,2
3,4,1,2
3,1,2,4
4,3,1,2
3,1,2,4
Systolic pressure refers to____________________.
the pressure exerted on the large arteries when the ventricles contract
the total pressure required to push blood into tissue
the lowest pressure exerted in the large arteries
the contraction of the larger arteries near the heart
the pressure exerted on the large arteries when the ventricles contract
If the vagus nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that there would be no affect on the heart the heart would stop the heart rate would decrease the heart rate would increase
The heart rate would decrease
Increased heart rate will cause preload to _________.
increase
decrease
decrease
Consider the membrane potential of cardiac contractile cells. What causes an
extended depolarization?
opening of K+ channels
opening of Na+ channels
Na+/K+ pump
prolonged influx of Ca2+prolonged influx of Ca2+
Platelets form blood clots.
True
False
True
Sinusoidal capillaries can be found in
skeletal muscles and are the least permeable.
bone marrow for large molecules.
small intestines for absorption of nutrients.
kidneys to filter the blood.
Bone marrow
The tunica externa of large vessels contain vasa vasorum. What is vasa vasorum?
small blood vessels which supply blood to the outer tunics
fibers that function in protection
tissue that aids in anchoring the vessel to nearby organs
small blood vessels which supply blood to the outer tunics
Which of the following depolarizes at 75 bpm with the influence of the vagus nerve? AV bundle AV node Purkinje fibers SA node
SA node
Pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood
oxygenated blood
The right atrium receives blood from the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus
What occurs during depolarization of a cardiac cell membrane? Na+ leaves the cell K+ enters the cell Na+ enters the cell K+ leaves the cell
Na+ enters the cell
What is the function of calcium in cardiac muscle fibers?
detaches the myosin head from actin filament
exposes actin binding sites for myosin attachment
exposes actin binding sites for myosin attachment
Blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle by passing through which valve? tricuspid valve bicuspid (mitral) valve pulmonary semilunar valve aortic semilunar valve
tricuspid valve
Which type of blood capillary forms the blood brain barrier to prevent toxins from passing to the nervous system?
fenestrated
sinusoidal
continuous
continuous
Blood travels from the left ventricle to the __________.
right atrium
left atrium
aorta
pulmonary trunk
aorta
Jay and Jane were watching a horror movie on a Saturday night. During a gory scene, Jane saw a man getting his right arm severed and blood was squirting out. Why is the blood squirting?
an artery was severed therefore there was high pressure
an artery was severed therefore there was low pressure
a vein was severed therefore there was high pressure
a vein was severed therefore there was high pressure
a vein was severed therefore there was low pressure
an artery was severed therefore there was high pressure
