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Carrington Bio26 > Lecture exam 1- actual questions > Flashcards

Lecture exam 1- actual questions Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium ions enter intrinsic (autorhythmic) cardiac muscle cells during which period of an action potential?

A

plateau phase

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2
Q

A second increase in aortic pressure when aortic semilunar valves close and blood rebounds off the valves is marked as the _______________.

A

dicrotic notch

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3
Q

The white blood cell, ____________, enters tissue and differentiates into a macrophage.

A

monocyte

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4
Q

The P wave of a normal ECG indicates _____________.

A

atrial depolarization

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5
Q

The pericardial cavity __________.

A

contains lubricating fluid called serous fluid

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6
Q

If the length of absolute refractory period in contractile cardiac muscle cells were the same as it is in skeletal muscle cells, what would happen?

A

Tetanus may occur, which causes the heart to remain in contraction for a longer period of time

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7
Q

Cardiac output is equal to:

A

HRxSV

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of intercalated discs?

A

They have structures which prevents the flow of ions.

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9
Q

What effect would compressing the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm have on the cardiovascular system?

stroke volume would decrease

heart rate would eventually increase

All of the answers are correct

cardiac output would decrease

A

All of the answers are correct

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10
Q

The effects of endurance- type athletic training may result in a lower heart rate. This phenomenon:

A

is caused by hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle

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11
Q

The second heart sound, “dup”, is heard in which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

isovolumetric relaxation

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12
Q

During the early period of ventricular filling _________.

A

blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves

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13
Q

Large arteries near the heart are pulsatile because ____________.

A

they contain structures that allow the vessel to stretch and recoil

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14
Q

Why does the sinoatrial node function as the pacemaker of the heart, and not some other part of the conduction system?

A

it depolarizes faster than other regions

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15
Q

Which of the following is likely during exercise?

A

Capillary beds of active muscles will have open shunts

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16
Q

A blood clot in the first branch off the aortic arch would affect blood flow to the
______.

A

right side of the head, neck and right upper arm`

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17
Q 
Which of the following is not a resistance factor?
  blood color 
  vessel length 
  vessel diameter 
  blood viscosity
A

blood color

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18
Q 
Aldosterone will\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  increase blood pressure 
  decrease blood volume 
  increase urine output 
  decrease sodium reabsorption
A

increase blood pressure

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19
Q 
The chemical which decreases blood pressure is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  epinephrine 
  angiotensin II 
  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
  atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

20
Q

ANP reduces blood volume and pressure by _________.
promoting release of ADH
promoting kidneys to reabsorb water
causing vasoconstriction
promoting kidneys to excrete more sodium

A

promoting kidneys to excrete more sodium

21
Q 
Factors that aid in venous return include all except:
  activity in skeletal muscles 
  urinary output 
  pressure changes in thorax 
  venous valves
A

urinary output

22
Q

If blood pressure is too high, baroreceptors will send information to the nervous system to increase vasodilation and decrease heart rate.
True
False

A

true

23
Q 
All blood cells are formed in the
  liver 
  thymus 
  lymph tissue 
  red bone marrow
A

red bone marrow

24
Q 
Which of the following is a cell fragment?
  platelet 
  monocyte 
  lymphocyte 
  eosinophil
A

platelet

25
Q

Which part of hemoglobin does O2 bind to in RBCs?
Fe+ in heme
Fe+ in heme and amino acid in globin
amino acid in globin
neither Fe+ in heme nor amino acid in globin

A

amino acid in globin

26
Q

In which phase of the cardiac cycle would you expect a steady EDV, an increase in
ventricular pressure, and the first heart sound “lub”?

A

isovolumetric contraction

27
Q 
Erythrocytes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  require oxygen for aerobic metabolism 
  none of the above 
  both a and b 
  transport oxygen
A

transport oxygen

28
Q 
Which of the following may trigger the release of erythropoietin?
  hypoxia in kidneys 
  increased number of RBCs 
  decreased tissue demand of oxygen 
  moving to lower altitude
A

hypoxia in kidneys

29
Q

Stroke volume increases when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated. Which sequence is correct in describing this event?
1 - Ca2+ channels open Ca2+ released from SR
2 - actin binding sites are exposed
3 - SNS release NE
4 - increase of contraction
4,1,3,2
3,4,1,2
3,1,2,4
4,3,1,2

A

3,1,2,4

30
Q

Systolic pressure refers to____________________.
the pressure exerted on the large arteries when the ventricles contract
the total pressure required to push blood into tissue
the lowest pressure exerted in the large arteries
the contraction of the larger arteries near the heart

A

the pressure exerted on the large arteries when the ventricles contract

31
Q 
If the vagus nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that
  there would be no affect on the heart 
  the heart would stop 
  the heart rate would decrease 
  the heart rate would increase
A

The heart rate would decrease

32
Q

Increased heart rate will cause preload to _________.
increase
decrease

A

decrease

33
Q 
Consider the membrane potential of cardiac contractile cells. What causes an  
      extended depolarization?
  opening of K+ channels 
  opening of Na+ channels 
  Na+/K+ pump 
  prolonged influx of Ca2+
A

prolonged influx of Ca2+

34
Q

Platelets form blood clots.
True
False

A

True

35
Q

Sinusoidal capillaries can be found in
skeletal muscles and are the least permeable.
bone marrow for large molecules.
small intestines for absorption of nutrients.
kidneys to filter the blood.

A

Bone marrow

36
Q

The tunica externa of large vessels contain vasa vasorum. What is vasa vasorum?
small blood vessels which supply blood to the outer tunics
fibers that function in protection
tissue that aids in anchoring the vessel to nearby organs

A

small blood vessels which supply blood to the outer tunics

37
Q 
Which of the following depolarizes at 75 bpm with the influence of the vagus nerve?
  AV bundle 
  AV node 
  Purkinje fibers 
  SA node
A

SA node

38
Q

Pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood

A

oxygenated blood

39
Q 
The right atrium receives blood from the
  Superior and Inferior Vena Cava 
  Pulmonary arteries 
  Pulmonary veins 
  Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus
A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus

40
Q 
What occurs during depolarization of a cardiac cell membrane?
  Na+ leaves the cell 
  K+ enters the cell 
  Na+ enters the cell 
  K+ leaves the cell
A

Na+ enters the cell

41
Q

What is the function of calcium in cardiac muscle fibers?

detaches the myosin head from actin filament

exposes actin binding sites for myosin attachment

A

exposes actin binding sites for myosin attachment

42
Q 
Blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle by passing through which  valve?
  tricuspid valve 
  bicuspid (mitral) valve 
  pulmonary semilunar valve 
  aortic semilunar valve
A

tricuspid valve

43
Q

Which type of blood capillary forms the blood brain barrier to prevent toxins from passing to the nervous system?
fenestrated
sinusoidal
continuous

A

continuous

44
Q

Blood travels from the left ventricle to the __________.

right atrium
left atrium
aorta
pulmonary trunk

A

aorta

45
Q

Jay and Jane were watching a horror movie on a Saturday night. During a gory scene, Jane saw a man getting his right arm severed and blood was squirting out. Why is the blood squirting?

an artery was severed therefore there was high pressure
an artery was severed therefore there was low pressure
a vein was severed therefore there was high pressure
a vein was severed therefore there was high pressure
a vein was severed therefore there was low pressure

A

an artery was severed therefore there was high pressure

Carrington Bio26 (10 decks)

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