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Functional Human Anatomy > Lecture Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of skeletal muscles?

A
  1. Produce skeletal movement
  2. Maintain posture/body position
  3. Protect & support abdominopelvic cavity
  4. Regulate entering and exiting material
  5. Maintain body temperature
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2
Q

What 4 things is gross anatomy the study of?

A
  1. Muscle fibre organization
  2. Associated connective tissue
  3. Associated nerves
  4. Associated blood vessels
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3
Q

What 3 things is microscopic anatomy the study of?

A
  1. Myofibrils
  2. Myofilaments
  3. Sarcomeres
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4
Q

What are the 4 types of skeletal muscle fibre organization?

A
  1. Parallel (fusiform)
  2. Convergent (triangular)
  3. Circular (sphincteral)
  4. Pennate (featherlike)
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5
Q

Describe the parallel (fusiform) skeletal muscle organization.

A

Thick belly with tapered ends, fascicles run parallel to muscle axis and may run entire length of muscle

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6
Q

Describe convergent (triangular) skeletal muscle fibre organization.

A

A broad area that comes together at a common point; one portion of muscle can be stimulated at a time to change the direction of the pull

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7
Q

Describe the circular (sphincteral) skeletal muscle fibre organization.

A

A concentric ring that constricts an opening or orifice when contracting

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8
Q

Describe pennate (featherlike) skeletal fibre muscle organization. What are the 3 variations?

A

Fibres that form an oblique angle to the tendon of the muscle.
1. Unipennate
2. Bipennate
3. Multipennate

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9
Q

Describe each unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate skeletal muscle fibre organization.

A

Unipennate: fibres on the same side of tendon
Bipennate: fibres on both side of tendon
Multipennate: tendon branches within muscle

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10
Q

What are the 4 things tendons attach to?

A
  1. Bones
  2. Cartilage
  3. Ligaments
  4. Fascia
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11
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

A broad, flat tendon

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12
Q

What is the new terminology for the ‘origin’ of a muscle?

A

Axial skeleton: inferior attachment
Appendicular: proximal attachment

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13
Q

What is the new terminology for the ‘insertion’ of a muscle?

A

Axial: superior attachment
Appendicular: distal attachment

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14
Q

What are the two methods of describing muscle action?

A
  1. Reference to the associated bone region
  2. Reference to specific joint
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15
Q

Describe agonist, antagonist, and synergistic primary muscle actions

A

Agonist: prime mover; muscles for intended movement
Antag. muscle oppose intended movement
Syner. stabilizer; assist agonist

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16
Q

What does the term profundas mean?

A

deep

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17
Q

What does the term rectus mean?

A

Straight, parallel

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18
Q

What does the term caoitis mean?

A

Head

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19
Q

What does the term genio mean?

A

chin

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20
Q

What does the term palpebrae mean?

A

Eyelid

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21
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the mouth region of facial expression?

A
  1. Orbicularis oris m.
  2. Zygomaticus minor m.
  3. Zygomaticus major m.
  4. Buccinator m.
  5. Risorius m.
  6. Mentalis m.
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22
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oris m.?

A

Compresses and purses lips

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23
Q

What is the action of the zygomaticus minor m.?

A

Retracts and elevates upper lip

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24
Q

What is the action of the zygomaticus major m.?

A

Retracts and elevates corner of mouth

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25
Q

What is the action of the buccinator m.?

A

Compresses cheek

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26
Q

What is the action of the risorius m.?

A

Draws corner of mouth laterally

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27
Q

What is the action of the mentalis m.?

A

Protrude and evert lower lip

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28
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the eye region of facial expression?

A
  1. Orbicularis oculi m.
  2. Corrugator supercilli m.
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29
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oculi m.?

A

Closes eye

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30
Q

What is the action of the corrugator supercilli m.?

A

Pulls skin inferiorly and medially

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31
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the nose region of facial expression?

A
  1. Procerus m.
  2. Nasalis m.
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32
Q

What is the action of the procerus m.?

A

Wrinkles nose

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33
Q

What is the action of the nasalis m.?

A

Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corner of nostrils

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34
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the scalp region of facial expression (name all divisions for each)?

A
  1. Occipitofrontalis m. (frontal & occipital belly)
  2. Auricularis (ante., post., super.)
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35
Q

What is the action of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis m.?

A

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

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36
Q

What is the action of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis m.?

A

Tenses and retracts scalp

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37
Q

What is the muscle and action of the neck region of facial expression?

A
  1. Platysma: tenses skin of neck; pulls lower lip inferiorly
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38
Q

What are the two muscles of mastication?

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
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39
Q

What is the action of the masseter m.?

A

Close jaw, assists in protraction, retraction and side to side movement of the mandible

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40
Q

What is the action of the temporalis m.?

A

Closes jaw, assists in retracting and moving mandible side to side

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41
Q

What are the 2 muscles that move the head and neck?

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid m.
  2. Scalene m.
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42
Q

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid m.?

A

Sternal head (manubrium); clavicular head (clavicle)Wh

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43
Q

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid m.?

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone

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44
Q

What is the action (unilateral and bilateral) of the sternocleidomastoid m.?

A

Uni: laterally flexes head to same side; rotates head opposite side
Bi: flexes neck, protracts head; aids in inhalation

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45
Q

What is the action of the scalene m.?

A

Flexes and side bends the neck; elevates ribs 1-2 (inhalation)

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46
Q

What are the 3 layers of muscles of the vertebral column? What types of muscles are in each layer?

A
  1. Superficial intrinsic muscles
  2. Intermediate intrinsic muscles
  3. Deep intrinsic muscles
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47
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the vertebral column?l delete

A
  1. Serratus posterior superior m.
  2. Serratus posterior inferior m.
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48
Q

What is the superficial intrinsic back muscle? What are its actions (unilateral & bilateral)

A
  1. Splenius capitis m.
    Uni: rotates and laterally flexes neck
    Bi: extends head and neck
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49
Q

What are the 2 intermediate intrinsic back muscle?

A
  1. Iliiocostalis thoracis m.
  2. Longissimus thoracis m.
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50
Q

What is the action of the erector spinae?

A

Extend all vertebral spine; elevates and depresses ribs

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51
Q

What are the 5 deep intrinsic back muscles?

A
  1. Semispinalis m.
  2. Multifidus m.
  3. Rotatores m.
  4. Interspinales m.
  5. Intertransversarii m.
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52
Q

What is the collective action of all the deep intrinsic back muscles?

A

Stabilizes and provide delicate adjustment of vertebrae; slightly extends and rotates vertebrae

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53
Q

What are the 4 muscles or respiration?E

A
  1. External intercostalis m.
  2. Internal intercostalis m.
  3. Transversus thoracic m.
  4. Diaphragm m.
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54
Q

What is the action of the external intercostalis m.?

A

Elevates ribs

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55
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostalis m.?

A

Depresses ribs

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56
Q

What is the action of the transversus thoracic m.?

A

Minimal significance; depresses rib

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57
Q

What is the action of the diaphragm m.?

A

Contraction expands thoracic cavity; compresses abdominopelvic cavity

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58
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the abdominal wall?

A
  1. Rectus abdominis m.
  2. Pyramidalis m.
  3. External abdominal oblique m.
  4. Internal abdominal oblique m.
  5. Transversus abdominis m.
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59
Q

What is the collective function of the muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

Support and protect abdominal organs; increase abdominal pressure

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60
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis m.?

A

Superior surface of pubis

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61
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis m.?

A

Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7; xiphoid process

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62
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis m.?

A

Flexes vertebral column; resists vertebral motion; forced exhalationW

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63
Q

Where is the pyramidalis m. in relation to the rectus abdominis m.?

A

anterior

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64
Q

What percent of the population is the pyramidalis m. absent in?

A

~20%

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65
Q

What is the insertion of the pyramidalis m.?

A

Linea alba

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66
Q

What is the origin of the pyramidalis m?

A

Pubic crest and symphysis

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67
Q

What is the action of the pyramidalis m.?

A

Tenses linea alba

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68
Q

What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique m.?

A

External and inferior borders of ribs 5-12

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69
Q

What is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique m.?

A

Linea alba and iliac crest

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70
Q

What is the action of the external abdominal oblique m.?

A

Depresses ribs, flexes and laterally rotates vertebral column to the opposite side

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71
Q

What is the origin of the internal abdominal oblique m.?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; iliac crest

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72
Q

What is the insertion of the internal abdominal oblique m.?

A

Linea alba, pubis, inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12/costal cartilages

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73
Q

What is the action of the internal abdominal oblique m.?

A

Depresses ribs, flexes, laterally rotates vertebral column to the same side

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74
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis m.?

A

cartilages of ribs 7-12; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia

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75
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis m.?

A

Linea alba and pubis

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76
Q

What is the action of the transversus abdominis m.?

A

Compresses abdomen; forced exhalation

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77
Q

What are the 7 muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. Trapezius m.
  2. Levator scapulae m.
  3. Rhomboideus minor m.
  4. Rhomboideus major m.
  5. Pectoralis minor m.
  6. Subclavius m.
  7. Serratus anterior m.
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78
Q

What are the 5 muscles (along with the rotator cuff muscles) that move the arm?

A
  1. Pectoralis major m.
  2. Sternalis m.
  3. Coracobrachialis m.
  4. Deltoid m.
  5. Latissimus dorsi m.
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79
Q

What are the 6 rotator cuff muscles?

A
  1. Supraspinatus m.
  2. Infraspinatus m.
  3. Teres minor m.
  4. Subscapularis m.
  5. Teres major m.
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80
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius m.?

A

Occipital protuberance; ligamentum nuchae; SP C7-T12

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81
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius m.?

A

Lateral 1/3 clavicle; spine/acromion of scapula

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82
Q

What are the actions of the 4 different fibres of the trapezius muscles?

A

Sup.: elevate scapula; extends/ flexes neck laterally;
Middle: retract scapula
Infer: depress scapula
collectively: lateral rotation of scapula

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83
Q

What are the 3 muscle fibres of the trapezius muscle?

A
  1. Superior fibres
  2. Middle fibres
  3. Inferior fibres
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84
Q

What is the origin of the levator scapulaem.?

A

TP C1-C4

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85
Q

What is the insertion of the levator scapulae m.?

A

Upper 1/4 medial border of scapula

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86
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae m.?

A

Elevates and medially rotates scapula; extends and bends neck laterally

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87
Q

What is the origin of rhomboideus minor m.?

A

SP C7-T1

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88
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboideus minor m.?

A

mid portion medial border of scapula

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89
Q

What is the action of the rhomboideus minor m.?

A

Elevates, retracts (adducts) and slightly medially rotates scapula

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90
Q

What is the origin of rhomboideus major m.?

A

SP T2-T5

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91
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboideus major m.?

A

Lower medial border of scapula

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92
Q

What is the action of the rhomboideus major m?

A

Elevates, retracts (adducts) and medially rotates scapula

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93
Q

What is the origin of pectoralis minor?

A

Superior margin of ribs 3-5

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94
Q

What is the insertion of pectoralis minor m.?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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95
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor m.?

A

Depresses, protracts and internally rotates scapula

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96
Q

What is the origin of the subclavius m.?

A

1st rib and costal cartilages

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97
Q

What is the insertion of the subclavius m.?

A

Subclavian groove of the clavicle

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98
Q

What is the action of the subclavius m?

A

Stabilizes and depresses clavicle

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99
Q

What is the origin of the serratus anterior m.?

A

Anterior superior margin of first 8/9 ribs

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100
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior m.?

A

Medial border of scapula

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101
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior m.?

A

Stabilizes, abducts (protracts) and laterally rotates scapula

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102
Q

What is the origin of pectoralis major m.?

A

Clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of true ribs

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103
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major m.?

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

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104
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major m.?

A

Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm

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105
Q

What direction does the sternalis m. run?

A

Parallel to the sternum margin

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106
Q

What two muscles is the sternalis m. theoretically part of?

A
  1. Pectoralis major m.
  2. Rectus abdominis m.
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107
Q

What percent of people have the sternalis muslce?

A

3-8%

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108
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis m.?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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109
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis m.?

A

Medial margin of shaft of humerus

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110
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis m.?

A

Adducts and flexes arm

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111
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid muscle m.?

A

Clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

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112
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid m.?

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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113
Q

What is the action of the deltoid m.?

A

Whole muscle abducts arm; may flex/extend/rotate arm medially and laterally

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114
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi m.?

A

SP T7-T12; ribs 8-12; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia

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115
Q

What is the insertion of the lattisimus dorsi m.?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

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116
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi m.?

A

Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm, draws shoulders back and downward

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117
Q

What is the origin of the supraspinatus m.?

A

Supraspinous fossa

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118
Q

What is the insertion of the supraspinatus m.?

A

Superior portion of greater tubercle of humerus

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119
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus m.?

A

abducts arm (10-15 degrees)

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120
Q

What is the origin of the infraspintus m.?

A

infraspinous fossa m

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121
Q

What is the insertion of the infraspinatus m.?

A

Posterior mid-portion of greater tubercle of humerus

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122
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus m.?

A

laterally rotates arm, may assist in adduction

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123
Q

What is the origin of teres minor m.?

A

Axillary border of scapula

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124
Q

What is the insertion of the teres minor m.?

A

Posterior inferior portion of greater tubercle of humerus

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125
Q

What is the action of teres minor m.?

A

Adducts and laterally rotates arm

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126
Q

What is the origin of subscapularis m.?

A

Subscapular fossa

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127
Q

What is the insertion of the subscapularis muscle?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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128
Q

what is the action fo the subscapularis m.?

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm

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129
Q

What is the origin of teres major m.?

A

Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

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130
Q

What is the insertion of the teres major m.?

A

Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

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131
Q

What is the action of the teres major m.?I

A

Adducts, extends, and medially rotates arm

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132
Q

What are the 3 muscles responsible for lateral humeral rotation?

A
  1. Infraspinatus m.
  2. Teres minor m.
  3. Deltoid m.
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133
Q

What are the 5 muscles responsible for medially humeral rotation?

A
  1. Subscapularis m.
  2. deltoid m.
  3. pectorals major m.
  4. latissimus dorsi m.
  5. Teres major m.
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134
Q

What are the 3 muscles that move the forearm?

A
  1. Biceps brachii m.
  2. Brachialis m.
  3. Triceps brachii m.
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135
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii m.?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

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136
Q

What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii m.?

A

coracoid process

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137
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii m.?

A

Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

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138
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii m.?

A

Flexes and supinates forearm; flexes arm

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139
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis m.?

A

Distal 1/2 anterior surface of humerus

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140
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis m.?

A

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

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141
Q

What is the action of the brachialis m.?

A

Flexes forearm

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142
Q

Where is the brachialis m. located is relation to the bicep brachii m.?

A

Underneath the bicep muscles

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143
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii m.?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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144
Q

What is the origin of the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii m.?

A

posterior shaft of humerus

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145
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii m.?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

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146
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii m.?

A

Extends forearm; long head extends and adducts arm

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147
Q

What does a muscle compartment contain?

A

Functionally related muscles w/ associated nerves and blood vessels

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148
Q

What are the two muscle compartments and what divides them?

A
  1. Anterior compartment
  2. Posterior compartment
    Divided by deep fascia
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149
Q

What 3 muscles are in the anterior compartment of muscles that move the forearm? What is the general name for these muscles?

A
  1. Biceps brachii m.
  2. Brachialis m.
  3. Coracobrachialis m.
    Flexor muscles
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150
Q

What are the two muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm? What is the general term for these muscles?

A
  1. Triceps brachii m.
  2. Aconeus m.
    Extensor muscles
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151
Q

What are the two types of forearm musculature?

A
  1. Extrinsic muscles
  2. Intrinsic muscles
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152
Q

What is the attachment point of the extrinsic muscles of the forearm?

A

Proximal forearm

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153
Q

What is the attachment point for the intrinsic muscles of the forearm?

A

Solely within the hand

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154
Q

What are the anterior actions of the forearm musculature?

A

pronation and flexion

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155
Q

What are the posterior actions of the forearm musculature?

A

supination and extension

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156
Q

What is the common origin of the anterior forearm musculature?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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157
Q

There are 2 layers of anterior forearm muscles (superficial and 2nd layer), what are the 4 muscles in this layer?

A
  1. Pronator teres m.
  2. Flexor carpi radialis m.
  3. Palmaris longus m.
  4. Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
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158
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator teres m.?

A

Lateral mid radius

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159
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres m.?

A

Pronates forearm

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160
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis m.?

A

Base of 2nd and 3rd MC

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161
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexes and abducts hand

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162
Q

What is the insertion of the palmaris longus m?

A

Flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis

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163
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus m.?

A

Flexes wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis

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164
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

Base of 5th MC, pisiform, and hook of hamate

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165
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

Flexes & adducts hand

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166
Q

What is the muscle of the 2nd layer of the anterior forearm musculature?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

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167
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis m.?

A

Middle phalanx digits 2-5

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168
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis m.?

A

Flexes digits 2-5 at MP and PIP joints; flexes wrist

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169
Q

What is the common origin of the posterior forearm musculature?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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170
Q
A
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171
Q
A
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172
Q

What are the 3 muscles that move the forearm?

A
  1. Biceps brachii m.
  2. Brachialis m.
  3. Triceps brachii m.
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173
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii m.?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

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174
Q

What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii m.?

A

coracoid process

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175
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii m.?

A

Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

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176
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii m.?

A

Flexes and supinates forearm; flexes arm

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177
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis m.?

A

Distal 1/2 anterior surface of humerus

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178
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis m.?

A

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

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179
Q

What is the action of the brachialis m.?

A

flexes forearm

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180
Q

Where is the brachialis m. located in reference to the bicep?

A

Underneath the bicep

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181
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii m.?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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182
Q

What is the origin of the lateral/medial heads of the triceps brachii m.?

A

posterior shaft of humerus

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183
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii m.?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

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184
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii m.?

A

Extends forearm; long heads extends and adducts arm

185
Q

What are the 2 muscle compartments of the muscles that move the forearm? What is the general term for the muscles in each compartment?

A
  1. ante. compartment: flexors
  2. Post. compartment: extensors
186
Q

What are the 3 anterior compartment flexor muscles that move the forearm?

A
  1. Biceps brachii m.
  2. Brachialis m.
  3. Coracobrachialis m.
187
Q

What are the 3 posterior compartment flexor muscles that move the forearm?

A
  1. Triceps brachii m.
  2. Anconeus m.
188
Q

What is the attachment of the extrinsic muscles of the forearm musculature?

A

Proximal forearm

189
Q

What is the attachment of the intrinsic muscles of the forearm musculature?

A

Solely within the hand

190
Q

There are 2 deep fascia partitions in the forearm musculature (ante. & post.); what are the actions of each compartment?

A

Ante.: Pronation and flexion
Post.: Supination and extension

191
Q

What is the common origin of the forearm musculature?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

192
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the 1st (superficial) layer of the anterior forearm musculature?

A
  1. Pronator teres m.
  2. Flexor carpi radialis m.
  3. Palmaris longus m.
  4. Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
193
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator teres m.?

A

lateral mid-radius

194
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres m.?

A

pronates forearm

195
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis m.?

A

Base of 2nd and 3rd MC

196
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis m.?

A

flexes and abducts hand

197
Q

What is the insertion of the palmaris longus m.?

A

flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

198
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus m.?

A

flexes wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis

199
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

Base of 5th MC pisiform and hook of hamate

200
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

flexes and adducts hand

201
Q

What is the muscle of the 2nd layer of the anterior forearm musculature?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

202
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis m.?

A

Middle phalanx digits 2-5

203
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis m.?

A

Flexes digits 2-5 at MP and PIP joints; flexes wrist

204
Q

What is the common origin of the posterior forearm musculature?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

205
Q

What are the 7 muscles of the 1st layer of the post. forearm musculature?

A
  1. Brachioradialis m.
  2. Extensor carpi radialis longus m.
  3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.
  4. Extensor digitorum communis m.
  5. Extensor digiti minimi m.
  6. Extensor carpi ulnaris m.
  7. Anconeus m.
206
Q

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis m.?

A

Styloid process of radius

207
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis m.?

A

flexes forearm

208
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus m.?

A

base of 2nd MC

209
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus m.?

A

Extends and abducts hand

210
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis m.?

A

Base of 3rd MC

211
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis m.?

A

extends and abducts hand

212
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum communis m.?

A

extensor expansions digits 2-5

213
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum communis m.?

A

extends wrist, extends MP, PIP, and DIP joints of digits 2-5

214
Q

What is an extensor expansion?

A

triangular aponeurosis covering the head of the metacarpals, continuing to the distal phalanx as three distinct bands

215
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi m.?

A

Extensor expansion 5th digit

216
Q

What is the action of the extensor digiti minimi m.?

A

extends 5th digit at MP, PIP, and DIP joints

217
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

Base of 5th MC

218
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

extends and adducts hand

219
Q

What is the insertion of the anconeus m.?

A

Olecranon, proximal 1/4 shaft of ulna

220
Q

What is the action of the anconeus m.?

A

Extends forearm

221
Q

What are the 2 fascia’s of the wrist?

A
  1. Flexor retinaculum
  2. Extensor retinaculum
222
Q

Where is the attachment point of the flexor retinaculum of the wrist?

A

medially to the pisiform, hook of hamate; laterally to scaphoid, and partially to trapezium

223
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum an continuation of?

A

The antebrachial fascia of the anterior wrist

224
Q

What are the 3 groups of intrinsic hand muscle? Which group is the thumb side?1

A
  1. Thenar (thumb)
  2. Hypothenar
  3. Midpalmar/central group
225
Q

What is the action of the muscles in the thenar and hypothenar eminence?

A

Abduct, flex, and perform opposition of digits 1 & 5

226
Q

What is the action of the muscles in the midpalmar group of the intrinsic hand muscles?

A

Adduct and abduct digits; assist in flexion of MP joints and extensions of IP joints

227
Q

What are the 4 muscles that move the thigh?

A
  1. Iliacus m.
  2. Psoas major m.
  3. Tensor fascia latae m.
  4. Sartorius
228
Q

What is the origin of the iliacus m.?

A

Iliac fossa

229
Q

What is the insertion of the iliacus m.?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

230
Q

What is the action of the iliacus m.?

A

Flexes thigh

231
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major m.?

A

lateral bodies & TP T12-L5

232
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major m.?

A

lesser trochanter of femur

233
Q

What is the action of the psoas major m.?

A

flexes thigh

234
Q

What is the origin of the tensor fascia latae major m.?

A

Iliac crest; anterior superior iliac spine

235
Q

What is the insertion of the tensor fascia latae major m.?

A

Iliotibial band (tract)

236
Q

What is the action of the tensor fascia latae major m.?

A

flexes and medially rotates thigh; tenses which laterally supports knee

237
Q

Describe the superficial fascia of the iliotibial tract (band)

A

continuous layer over whole of thigh; contains fat, superficial vessels and nerves

238
Q

Describe the deep fascia of the ilitibial tract.

A

layer surrounds muscles and varies in thickness

239
Q

What is the origin of the sartorius m.?

A

Ante. sup. iliac spine

240
Q

What is the insertion of the sartorius m.?

A

proximal medial shaft of tibia

241
Q

What is the action of the sartorius m.?

A

Flexes and laterally/medially rotates thigh

242
Q

What are the 3 posterior muscles that move the thigh?

A
  1. Gluteus maximus m.
  2. Gluteus medius m.
  3. Gluteus minimus m.
243
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus m.?

A

Iliac crest; sacrum; coccyx

244
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus m.?

A

iliotibial band (80%); gluteal tuberosity (20%) of femur

245
Q

What is the action of the gluteus maximus m.?

A

extends and laterally rotates thigh

246
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius m.?

A

lateral surface of ilium

247
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus medius m.?

A

greater trochanter of femur

248
Q

What is the action of the gluteus medius m.?

A

abducts and medially rotates thigh

249
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus m.?

A

Lateral surface of ilium

250
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus m.?

A

greater trochanter of femur

251
Q

What is the action of the gluteus minimus m.?

A

abducts and medially rotates thigh

252
Q

What are the 6 deep lateral rotators of the thigh?

A
  1. Piriformis m.
  2. Superior gemellus m.
  3. Inferior gemellus m.
  4. Obturator internus m.
  5. Obturator externes m.
  6. Quadratus femoris m.
253
Q

What is the common action of the deep lateral rotators of the thigh?

A

Provide stability and maintain integrity of the hip joint; assists with lateral rotation of the thigh

254
Q

What are the attachment points of the piriformis m.?

A

Anteriolateraly sacrum -> greater trochanter

255
Q

What is the action of the piriformis m.?

A

Slight external rotation and abduction

256
Q

What are the attachment points of the superior gemellus m.?

A

Ischial tuberosity -> t. of obturator internus

257
Q

What are the attachment points of the inferior gemellus m.?

A

Ischial tuberosity -> tendon of obturator internus

258
Q

What are the attachment points of the obturator internus m.?

A

Internal margin of obturator foramen -> greater trochanter

259
Q

What are the attachment points of the obturator externes m.?

A

External margin of obturator foramen -> trochanteric fossa

260
Q

What are the attachment points fo the quadratus femoris m.?

A

Ischial tuberosity -> intertrochanteric crest of femur

261
Q

What are the 5 adductor muscles of the thigh?

A
  1. Pectineus m.
  2. Adductor longus m.
  3. Adductor brevis m.
  4. Adductor Magnus m.
  5. Gracilis m.
262
Q

What is the common action of the adductors of the thigh?

A

Adducts and flexes thigh

263
Q

What is the origin of the pectineus m.?

A

Pectineal line of pubis

264
Q

What is the insertion of the pectineus m.?

A

pectineal line of femur

265
Q

What is the origin of the adductor longus m.?

A

Body of pubis

266
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor longus m.?

A

Middle 1/3 linea aspera of femur

267
Q

What is the origin of the adductor brevis m.?

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

268
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor brevis m.?

A

proximal 1/3 linea aspera of femur

269
Q

Where is the adductor brevis m. in relation to the adductor longus and the pectineus?

A

In between, but deeper

270
Q

What is the origin of the adductor magnus m.?

A

Inferior ramus of pubis; ramus and tuberosity of ischium

271
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor part of the adductor Magnus m.?

A

linea aspera

272
Q

What is the insertion of the hamstring part of the adductor Magnus m.?

A

adductor tubercle and medial epicondyle

273
Q

What is the action of the adductor part of the adductor Magnus m.?

A

flexes and weakly laterally rotates thigh

274
Q

What is the action of the hamstring part of the adductor Magnus m.?

A

extends and weakly medially rotates thigh

275
Q

What is the origin of the gracilis m.?

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

276
Q

What is the insertion of the gracilis m.?

A

proximal medial shaft of tibia

277
Q

What is the action of the gracilis m.?

A

adducts and flexes thigh; flexes and medially rotates thigh

278
Q

What are the 4 quadricep muscles?

A
  1. Rectus femoris m.
  2. Vastus lateralis m.
  3. Vastus medialis m.
  4. Vastus intermedius m.
279
Q

What is the origin of the rectus femoris m.?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

280
Q

What is the origin of the vastus lateralis m.?

A

greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

281
Q

What is the origin of the vastus intermedius m.?

A

Anteriolateral surface of femur

282
Q

What is the origin of the vastus medalis m.?

A

Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur

283
Q

What are the 2 speculated divisions of the vastus medialis m.?

A

VM Oblique (angle, keep patella straight)
VM Long

284
Q

What is the insertion of the quadricep muscles?

A

Tibial tuberosity via patellar lig.

285
Q

What is the general action of the quadricep muscles?

A

Extends leg; rectus femoris m. flexes thigh; pinnated m. for force production

286
Q

What are the 3 hamstring muscles?

A
  1. Biceps femoris m.
  2. Semitendinosus m.
  3. Semimembranosus m.
287
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the bicep femoris m.?

A

Ischial tuberosity

288
Q

What is the origin of the short head of the bicep femoris m.?

A

linea aspera of femur

289
Q

what is the insertion of the biceps femoris m.?

A

head of fibula

290
Q

what is the action of the biceps femoris m.?

A

extends thigh; flexes and laterally rotates leg

291
Q

what is the origin of the semitendinosus m.?

A

ischial tuberosity

292
Q

what is the insertion of the semitendinosus m.?

A

proximal medial shaft of tibia

293
Q

Where is the semitendinosus m. in relation to the semimembranosus m.?

A

Superficial to the semimembranosus m.

294
Q

what is the origin of the semimembranosus m.?

A

ischial tuberosity

295
Q

what is the insertion of the semimembranosus m.?

A

posterior surface of medial tibial condyle

296
Q

what is the action of the semimembranosus m.?

A

both extends thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg

297
Q

What is the attachment of the pet anserine (goose foot)?

A

proximal medial shaft of tibia

298
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the pes anserine? Label them as ante., poste., and intermediate.

A
  1. Sartorius: ante
  2. Gracilis: inter
  3. Semitendinosus: post
299
Q

What is the collective action of the pes anserine?

A

flexes and medially rotates leg

300
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg muscles?

A
  1. Fibularis longus m.
  2. Fibularis brevis m.
301
Q

What is the collective action of the lateral compartment of the leg muscles?

A

Both evert foot; weakly plnatarflexes

302
Q

What are the 3 superficial posterior compartment leg muscles?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius m.
  2. Soleus m.
  3. Plantaris m.
303
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg muscles?

A
  1. Popliteus m.
  2. Flexor hallucis longus m.
  3. Flexor digitorum longus m.
  4. Tibialis posterior m.
304
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg muscles?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior m.
  2. Extensor hallucis longus m.
  3. Extensor digitorum longus m.
  4. Fibula’s tertius m.
305
Q

What are the 2 anterior retinaculum of the ankle?

A
  1. Superior extensor retinaculum
  2. Inferior extensor retinaculum
306
Q

What are the 2 lateral retinacula of the ankle?

A
  1. Superior fibular retinaculum
  2. Inferior fibular retinaculum
307
Q

What is the medial retinaculum of the ankle?

A

Flexor retinaculum

308
Q

What do retinaculums cover?

A

Tendons

309
Q

What is the retinaculum of the foot?

A

Plantar aponeurosis

310
Q

What fascia forms the plantar aponeurosis?

A

Deep fascia of leg thickens on the inferior aspect of foot

311
Q

What is the insertion of the fibularis longus m.?

A

Base of 1st MT and medial cuneiform

312
Q

What is the insertion of the fibularis brevis m.?

A

Base of 5th MT

313
Q

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius m.?

A

Calcaneus via calcanea tendon

314
Q

What is the action of the gastrocnemius m.?

A

Plantarflexes foot; flexes knee

315
Q

What is the insertion of the soleus m.?

A

calcaneus via calcanea tendon

316
Q

What is the action of the soleus m.?

A

Plantarflexes foot

317
Q

What is the insertion of the plantaris m.?

A

Calcaneus

318
Q

What is the action of the plantaris m.?

A

Weak leg and plantar flexor

319
Q

What percent of the population is the plantaris m. absent in?

A

~7-10%

320
Q

Where is the plantaris m. in relation to the gastrocnemius m.?

A

Above it on the lateral side

321
Q

What is the insertion of the popliteus m.?

A

Posterior proximal tibia

322
Q

What is the action of the popliteus m.?

A

weakly flexes leg; medially rotates tibia

323
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus m.?

A

Distal phalanx of hallux

324
Q

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus m.?

A

plantarflexes foot; flexes hallux

325
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus m.?

A

Distal phalanges digits 2-5

326
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus m.?

A

flexes digits 2-5; plantar flexes foot

327
Q

What is the insertion of the tibias posterior m.?

A

Navicular; all cuneiforms, cuboid, and base of MT 2-4

328
Q

What is the action of the tibialis posterior m.?

A

Plantarflexes and inverts foot

329
Q

What type of action does the tibialis posterior m. have with the tibialis anterior m.?

A

Synergistic action

330
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior m.?

A

First (medial) cuneiform and base of 1st MT

331
Q

What is the action of the tibialis anterior m.?

A

dorsiflexes and inverts foot

332
Q

What muscles serves as the root cause for anterior compartment syndrome?

A

Tibialis anterior m.

333
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus m.?

A

Base of distal phalanx hallux

334
Q

What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus m.?

A

dorsiflexes foot; extends hallux

335
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus m.?

A

middle and distal phalanges digits 2-5

336
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum longus m.?

A

dorsiflexes foot; extends digits 2-5

337
Q

What is the insertion of the fibularis tertius m.?

A

Base of the 5th MT

338
Q

What is the action if the fibularis tertius m.?

A

Dorsiflexes and weakly everts foot

339
Q

What is the point of attachment for the superior extensor retinaculum of the ankle?

A

Tibia and fibula

340
Q

What are the points of attachment of the inferior extensor retinaculum?

A

1st cuneiform and tibia to calcaneus

341
Q

What are the points of attachment of the superior fibular retinaculum?

A

fibula malleolus to calcaneus

342
Q

What are the points of attachment of the inferior fibular retinaculum?

A

lateral extension of inferior extensor retinaculum

343
Q

What are the points of attachment of the flexor retinaculum?

A

tibia malleolus and calcaneus

344
Q

Describe the 2 functional divisions of the nervous system.

A

Sensory: towards CNS
Motor: away from CNS

345
Q

What are the 2 types of cells that form nervous tissue?

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Neuroglia
346
Q

What is the function of neurons?

A

Initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses

347
Q

Are neurons electrically excitable or non-excitable?

A

Electrically excitable

348
Q

Can neurons divide?

A

No; they just die

349
Q

What is the function of neuroglia cells?

A

Support and protect neurons

350
Q

Compare the abundance and volume of neuroglia to neurons

A

Neuroglia 5X more abundant; 1/2 the volume of neurons

351
Q

Can neuroglia divide?

A

Yes

352
Q

What are the 4 neuron variations (sensory nerves)?

A
  1. Anaxonic neuron
  2. Bipolar neuron
  3. Pseudounipolar neurons
  4. Multipolar neuron
353
Q

What are the 2 neuroglia cells of the PNS?

A
  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwann cells
354
Q

What are the 4 neuroglia cells of the CNS?

A
  1. Ogliodendrocyte cells
  2. Astrocyte cells
  3. Microglia cells
  4. Ependymal cells
355
Q

What part of the ogliodendrocyte in the PNS contains the nucleus? What does the nucleus contain?

A

Cell body. Contains code for division

356
Q

What are the 4 features of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Through foramen magnum
  2. Extends from brain to L1 vertebrae
  3. 45 cm; 1/4” thick
  4. Conus medullaris (end)
357
Q

At what age does the conus medullaris stop growing at?

A

Age 4

358
Q

What are the 5 subdivisions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Cervical part
  2. Thoracic part
  3. Lumbar part
  4. Sacral part
  5. Coccygeal part
359
Q

In relation to the vertebrae, where is the lumbar, sacral, coccygeal part of the spinal cord?

A

Below T12 and above L1

360
Q

What is a rootlet?

A

Collection of axons continuously entering or leaving spinal cord

361
Q

What is a definition of a root in the spinal cord?

A

Collection of 8-12 rootlets

362
Q

What is the definition of a spinal nerve?

A

Anterior and posterior roots unite

363
Q

What is the Claude equine?

A

A collection of roots extending from conus medullaris

364
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

365
Q

How may pair of spinal nerves are in the cervical part of the spinal cord?

A

8

366
Q

How may pair of spinal nerves are in the thoracic part of the spinal cord?

A

12

367
Q

How may pair of spinal nerves are in the lumbar part of the spinal cord?

A

5

368
Q

How may pair of spinal nerves are in the sacral part of the spinal cord?

A

5

369
Q

How may pair of spinal nerves are in the coccygeal part of the spinal cord?

A

1

370
Q

What is the filum terminale? Where does it adhere to?

A

Thread of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support for the cord. Adheres to coccyx

371
Q

What is another name for the film terminale?

A

Coccygeal lig.

372
Q

What do spinal cord enlargements give rise to?

A

Nerves plexuses for the arm and legs

373
Q

What are the two main spinal cord enlargements?

A
  1. Cervical enlargement
  2. Lumbosacral enlargement
374
Q

Where is the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord located?

A

In the inferior cervical part of the spinal cord

375
Q

What does the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord innervate?

A

The upper limbs

376
Q

Where is the lumbosacral enlargement located?

A

Through lumbar and sacral parts

377
Q

What does the lumbosacral spinal enlargement innervate?

A

The lower limbs

378
Q

What are the vertebrae segments of the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements of the cord?

A

C: C4-T1
LS: T4-L11

379
Q

What 4 things are the 4 parts of the white matter of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Posterior funicular
  2. Lateral funicular
  3. White commissure
  4. Anterior funicular
380
Q

What are the 4 things parts of the grey matter of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Posterior horn
  2. Grey commissure
  3. Lateral horn
  4. Anterior horn
381
Q

What is generally contained in the white matter of the spinal cord?

A

Myelinated axons

382
Q

What is generally contained within the grey matter of the spinal cord?

A

Dendrites and cell bodies; unmyelinated axons

383
Q

What are the 4 components within a typical (mixed) spinal nerve?

A
  1. Somatic sensory neurons
  2. Visceral sensory neurons
  3. Autonomic motor neurons
  4. Somatic motor neuron
384
Q

What root do the somatic and visceral sensory nerves pass through?

A

Posterior root

385
Q

What root do the autonomic and somatic motor neurons pass through?

A

Anterior root

386
Q

What horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord do somatic sensory neurons originate from?

A

Posterior horn

387
Q

What horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord do visceral sensory neurons originate from?

A

Posterior horn (anterior of somatic sensory division)

388
Q

What horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord do autonomic motor neurons originate from?

A

Lateral horn

389
Q

What horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord do somatic motor neurons originate from?

A

Anterior horn

390
Q

Does the cervical & thoracic parts of the spine have a larger proportion of white matter or grey matter?

A

White matter

391
Q

Does the lumbar parts of the spine have a larger proportion of white matter or grey matter?

A

Grey matter

392
Q

What is the general function of spinal cord meninges?

A

Protects and encapsulates the spinal cord

393
Q

What are the 6 spinal cord meninges?

A
  1. Pia mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Dura mater
  4. Epidural space
  5. Subdural space
  6. Subarachnoid space
394
Q

Where does the Pia mater adhere to? What is it composed of?

A

Adheres directly to spinal cord; elastic and collagen fibres

395
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

Pair, lateral triangular extensions from spinal nerve

396
Q

What is an arachnoid trabeculae?

A

Fine, spider web-like fibres from the arachnoid to pia mater

397
Q

Describe the location of the dura mater? What is this single-layer tissue composed of?

A

Most external meninges; made of dense fibrous tissue

398
Q

The dura mater fuses with the epineurium, what is the epineurium?

A

Connective layer that surrounds spinal nerves

399
Q

What is the epineurium composed of?

A

Collagen

400
Q

Where is the epidural space located? What does it cover?

A

Between dura mater and periosteum; Covers the inner walls of vertebrae

401
Q

Describe the location of the subdural space?

A

Potential space between dura mater and arachnoid

402
Q

Describe the location of the subarachnoid space.

A

Real space filled with cerebrospinal fluid that pushes the arachnoid against dura mater

403
Q

What are the 3 spinal nerves?

A
  1. Epineurium
  2. Perineurium
  3. Endoneurium
404
Q

Where is the epineurium located and what is it composed of?

A

Outer covering of peripheral nerves; made of dense irregular tissue

405
Q

Where is the perineurium located?

A

Surround bundles of axons, fascicles

406
Q

What is the endometrium composed of?

A

Delicate collagenous & elastic fibres

407
Q

What are the two rami of the somatic nervous system spinal nerve distribution?

A
  1. Dorsal (posterior) ramus
  2. Ventral (anterior) ramus
408
Q

What does the dorsal ramus of the somatic nervous system innervate?

A

Deep muscles and skin of the back

409
Q

What does the ventral ramus of the somatic nervous innervate?

A

Large portion of the trunk, upper and lower limbs

410
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

When nerve join, branch out, then rejoin

411
Q

What are the 2 main nerve plexuses?

A
  1. Cervical plexus
  2. Brachial plexus
412
Q

Which spinal nerves are associated with the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4 (some C5)

413
Q

What parts of the body does the cervical plexus supply to?

A

Anterior neck muscles, skin of the neck, head, shoulders

414
Q

What is the notable branch of the cervical plexus?

A

Phrenic nerve

415
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve receive contributions from?

A

C3-C5

416
Q

What part of the body does the phrenic nerve provide nerve supply to?

A

Diaphragm

417
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve pass between?

A

Pleural sac of lungs and pericardial sac of heart

418
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

419
Q

Where does the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Pectoral girdle and entire upper limb

420
Q

In the brachial plexus, the anterior rami of C5-C6 will combine to form what?

A

Superior trunk

421
Q

In the brachial plexus, the anterior rami of C8-T1 will combine to form what?

A

Inferior trunk

422
Q

In the brachial plexus, the anterior rami of C7 will eventually turn into what?

A

Middle trunk

423
Q

In the brachial plexus, what do all the trunks divide into?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

424
Q

In the brachial plexus, what forms the lateral cord?

A

The fusion of the anterior divisions of the middle and superior trunk (not inferior trunk)

425
Q

In the brachial plexus, what forms the posterior cord?

A

The posterior divisions of all 3 trunks

426
Q

In the brachial plexus, what forms the medial cord?

A

The anterior division of the inferior trunk

427
Q

In the brachial plexus, what does the medial cord divide into?

A

Ulnar nerve and median nerve

428
Q

In the brachial plexus, what does the lateral cord divide into?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve

429
Q

In the brachial plexus, what does the posterior cord divide into?

A

Axillary nerve and radial nerve

430
Q

In the brachial plexus, which two cords contribute to the formation of the median nerve?

A

Medial and lateral cord

431
Q

What nerve is responsible carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

432
Q

What nerve causes numbness in the elbow?

A

Ulnar nerve

433
Q

What are the 3 anterior nerves of the arm?

A
  1. Musculocutaneous nerve
  2. Median nerve
  3. Ulnar nerve
434
Q

What are the 2 posterior nerves of the arm?

A
  1. Axillary nerve
  2. Radial nerve
435
Q

What is the definition of a dermatome?

A

Segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

436
Q

All the spinal nerves except which one innervates a segment of skin?

A

All except C1

437
Q

What type of pain are dermatomes involved in?

A

Referred visceral pain

438
Q

Which spinal nerve supplies to the shoulder?

A

C5

439
Q

Which spinal nerve supplies to the lateral arm & forearm; thumb?

A

C6

440
Q

Which spinal nerve supplies to digits 2-3?

A

C7

441
Q

Which spinal nerve supplies to the medial arm & forearm; digits 4-5

A

C8

442
Q

Which spinal nerve supplies to the anteriolateral arm?

A

T1

443
Q

What rami contributes to the lumbar plexus?

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves (T12) L1-L4

444
Q

In the lumbar plexus, what gives rise to many motor branches to the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

445
Q

In the lumbar plexus, what is the longest branch relaying sensory information from the leg?

A

Saphenous nerve

446
Q

What rami contributes to the sacral plexus?

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4

447
Q

In the sacral plexus, what nerve supplies the posterior thigh, leg, and foot?

A

Sciatic nerve

448
Q

In the leg, which nerve feeds all the anterior nerves?

A

Femoral nerve

449
Q

What is the largest and longest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

450
Q

In the leg, what are the 2 divisions of the sciatic that are wrapped in a common sheath?

A
  1. Tibial division
  2. Common fibular division
451
Q

What nerve does the tibial division of the sciatic nerve give rise to?

A

Tibial nerve

452
Q

What nerve does the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve give rise to?

A

Common fibular nerve

453
Q

In the lumbosacral plexus, what spinal nerve is responsible for the anterior proximal 1/4 thigh area?

A

L1

454
Q

In the lumbosacral plexus, what spinal nerve is responsible for the anterior second 1/4 thigh area?

A

L2

455
Q

In the lumbosacral plexus, what spinal nerve is responsible for the anterior third 1/4 thigh area?

A

L3

456
Q

In the lumbosacral plexus, what spinal nerve is responsible for the anterior distal 1/4 thigh area?

A

L4

457
Q

In the lumbosacral plexus, what spinal nerve is responsible for the anterior leg area?

A

L5

458
Q

In the lumbosacral plexus, what spinal nerve is responsible for the posteriolateral thigh & leg area?

A

S1

459
Q

In the lumbosacral plexus, what spinal nerve is responsible for the posteriomedial thigh & leg area?

A

S2

Functional Human Anatomy (7 decks)

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