Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards
Which feature does not apply to the nervous
system in comparison to the endocrine system?
a) neurotransmitters released locally
b) response occurs in seconds or even hours
c) affects seen on muscle cells, glands, and neurons
d) mediator action is close to site of release
e) very brief duration of action
b) response occurs in seconds or even hours
Which gland or organ is not strictly classified as an endocrine gland? a) thyroid gland b) adrenal gland c) pancreas d) pineal gland e) pituitary gland
c) pancreas
Down-regulation makes a target cell less sensitive
to a hormone.
a) True
b) False
a) True
Most water soluble hormones must be attached to
a transport protein in order to be circulated.
a) True
b) False
b) False
Which of the following is not a true statement?
a) most hormone systems function under a positive
feedback system
b) secretion of hormones occurs in short bursts
c) signals from the nervous system regulate
hormone secretion
d) chemical changes in the blood may determine
concentration of hormone release
e) regulation of secretion prevents overproduction
of a hormone
a) most hormone systems function under a positive feedback system
Which gland is divided into two distinct functional units? a) thyroid b) pineal c) pituitary d) thalamus e) hypothalamus
c) pituitary
Which statement is correct regarding the
relationship between the hypothalamus and
pituitary gland?
a) releasing hormones are secreted by the anterior
pituitary
b) the hypothalamus is ‘controlled’ by the pituitary
gland
c) the posterior lobe of the pituitary secretes inhibiting
hormones
d) the hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting
hormones that influence the pituitary gland
d) the hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that influence the pituitary gland
Which of the following hormones would increase in a laboratory animal after a thyroidectomy? 1. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 2. triiodothyronine (T3) 3. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 4. thyroxine (T4) a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 1 and 3
e) 1 and 3
Which of the following statements is not true
about the thyroid gland?
a) most of the gland is made up of sacs called
thyroid follicles
b) the parafollicular cells produce thyroxine
c) the lobes are connected by an isthmus
d) it is the only endocrine gland that stores
hormones in large amounts
e) hormones secreted control the basal metabolic
rate (BMR)
b) the parafollicular cells produce thyroxine
Which of the following is an effect of the thyroid
hormones?
a) Decrease the use of glucose in the cells
b) Decrease the metabolic rate
c) increases Basic metabolic rate (BMR)
d) Increases ATP production
c) increases Basic metabolic rate(BMR)
What is not a function of the parathyroid glands?
a) increase formation of vitamin D
b) Decreases the activity of osteoclasts.
c) regulate the level of calcium in the blood
d) increase bone resorption
e) promote formation of calcitriol
b) decreases the activity of osteoclasts
Which one of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla 1. Mineralocorticoids 2. Glucocorticoids 3. Epinephrine 4. Aldosterone
- Epinephrine
Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex
is matched correctly?
a) zona reticularis – synthesizes
dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA)
b) zona glomerulosa – synthesizes cortisol
c) zona fasciculate – synthesizes aldosterone
a) zona reticularis-synthesizes dehydroepiandosterone(DHEA)
The adrenal medulla has tissue similarities with
the parasympathetic ganglia.
a) True
b) False
b) False
Which of the following is a true statement?
a) the levels of glucagon and insulin are based on a
positive feedback system
b) hyperglycemia stimulates release of glucagon
c) insulin increases glycogenesis and lipogenesis
d) glucagon stimulates kidney cells to releases
glucose into the blood
e) blood amino acid level is the most important
regulator of insulin and glucagon
c) insulin increases glycogenesis and lipogenesis
Which of the following statements is true?
a) a carbohydrate-rich meal increases insulin
secretion
b) a protein-rich meal increases glucagon secretion
c) a carbohydrate-rich meal decreases glucagon
secretion
d) exercise will increase glucagon secretion
e) all of the statements are true
e) all of the statements are true
The male and female gonads are considered
reproductive and endocrine organs.
a) True
b) False
a) True
Which of the following is a true statement in reference to melatonin? 1. it is secreted by the pineal gland 2. it is stimulated by sunlight 3. it regulates the biologic clock. 4. it is part of the hypothalamus a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 1 and 3 are correct
e) 1 and 3 are correct
Which hormone is not matched correctly with its
principal action?
a) gastrin – increases stomach movement
b) erythropoietin (EPO) – increases white blood cell
production
c) leptin – suppresses appetite
d) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) – lowers blood
pressure
e) estrogens – prepare mammary gland to secrete
milk
b) erythropoietin(EPO)-increases white blood cell production
Which of the following is not true of the prostaglandins? a) decrease pain sensitivity b) promote fever c) derived from arachidonic acid d) alter smooth muscle contraction e) promote fever and alter smooth muscle contraction
a) decrease pain sensitivity
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is
primarily regulated by the pituitary gland.
a) True
b) False
b) False
The flight-or-flight response produces all of the
following except:
a) increased heart rate and force of contraction
b) dilation of vessels to the digestive organs
c) increase in blood pressure
d) decreased urinary activity
e) increased glycogenolysis
b) dilation of vessels to the digestive organs
People under a great amount of chronic stress are
no more prone to disease than those who are not.
a) True
b) False
b) False
The adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla both
derive from mesoderm.
a) True
b) False
b) False
As we age, the decrease of which hormone is
associated with the loss of muscle tissue?
a) cortisol
b) aldosterone
c) human growth hormone
d) estrogen
e) thyroxine
c) human growth hormone
Which statement accurately describes the thymus?
a) decreases in size by about one-half as a person
ages
b) is the site of B cells maturity
c) is located between the upper portion of the lungs
d) is a single-lobed organ overlying the esophagus
c) is located between the upper portion of the lungs
Which of the following is not a defense barrier
involved with innate defenses?
a) mucus
b) (tears) fluids secreted by the lacrimal apparatus
c) flow of urine
d) sebum
e) all of these choices are protective barriers
e) all of these choices are protective barriers
Which of the following is not part of the internal defense system? a) macrophages b) erythrocytes c) interferons d) Complement system
b) erythrocytes
Which is not true in the comparison of natural
killer (NK) cells and phagocytes?
a) macrophages are major phagocytes
b) NK cells identify B and T cells
c) macrophages get rid of cellular debris
d) NK cells secrete a substance that creates holes in
the membrane of a microbe
e) macrophages can remain in a tissue or travel
throughout the body
b) NK cells identify B and T cells
Which is not a sign or symptom of inflammation?
a) contracture of tissue
b) triggering of nociceptors (pain receptors)
c) erythema
d) edema
a) contracture of tissue
The development of the ability to carry out
immune responses by certain cells is called:
a) immunology
b) immunocompetence
c) memory
d) specificity
e) reactivity
b) immunocompetence
Which is not true of the cytokines:
a) are small proteins
b) have been used to fight cancer
c) can influence cell growth
d) are secreted by erythrocytes
e) include the interleukins and interferons
d) are secreted by erythrocytes
A secondary invasion of an antigen may produce
no signs or symptoms due to the action of:
a) cytotoxic T cells
b) helper T cells
c) memory cells
d) B cells
e) plasma cells
c) memory cells
The most abundant class of immunoglobulins is:
a) IgA
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgG
e) IgM
d) igG
With immediate hypersensitivity the antibody class that binds to mast cells and basophils that trigger the release of histamine is: a) IgA b) IgD c) IgE d) IgG e) IgM
c) igE
Which statement is true about immunological
memory?
a) the primary response is more powerful than the
secondary
b) memory cells can survive up to several weeks
c) the use of vaccinations is based on the concept of
immunological memory
d) there is an immediate rise in serum antibodies
upon exposure to an antigen
c) the use of vaccinations is based on the concept of immunological memory
A secondary invasion of an antigen produces more antibodies due to the action of: 1. T helper cells 2. B Lymphocytes 3. Memory cells 4. Macrophages
3.Memory cells
The lack of reactivity to the body’s own proteins is known as: a) positive selection b) self-recognition c) deletion d) self-tolerance e) anergy
d) self-tolerance
Which of the following negatively affects the immune system? a) smoking b) lack of sleep c) sedentary lifestyle d) stress e) all of these choices
e) all of these choices
Which of the following is false regarding aging on the immune system? a) more susceptible to infections b) produce fewer autoantibodies c) less reaction to vaccines d) more prone to malignancies e) all of these choices are true
b) produce fewer autoantibodies
Which cell is considered to be the most important cell in the immune system? a) Cytotoxic T Cells b) B lymphocytes c) T Helper cells d) Eosinophils e) macrophage
c) T helper cells
When antibodies are present in blood a)It is called humoral immunity, or antibody-mediated immunity b)it creates an non-specific response c)It is called cell mediated immunity d)Macrophages attack the pathogens
a) it is called humoral immunity, or antibody-mediated immunity
Allergic contact dermatitis following skin
contact with poison oak would normally lead
to:
1-immediate hypersensitivity
2-anaphylactic shock
3-delayed hypersensitivity
4-Immunodeficiency
- delayed hypersensitivity
In the primary immune response triggered by the first exposure to an antigen, the first antibody class to appear is : a) IgA b) IgD c) IgE d) IgG e) IgM
e) igM
The hormone responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes: 1. Melatonin 2. Asldosteron 3. Thymosin 4. thyroxine
3) Thymosin
1. Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease 1-HIV/AIDS 2-Multiple sclerosis 3-Rheumatoid arthritis 4-Graves’ disease 5-type I diabetes
1-HIV/AIDS
The inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen causes a) immunodeficiency b) allergy c) transplantations d) graft
a) immunodeficiency
