Lecture dualism

Question 1

DUALISM LECTURE Aristotelian worldview

Answer 1

• Realism: colors odors etc are bc of properties objects
• Things will stop moving unless continuous force applied, only spherical superlunar universe will continue to do perfect circular motion. Superlunar = regular, lawful, sublunar = chaos

Question 2

DUALISM LECTURE How did Galileo and Descartes create psychology

Answer 2

• created a domain that follows physical laws and exists independent of humans, measured by mathematics (METHOD)(mechanicism in the universe), res extensa
• > natural science
• what about the other domain? subjective experience, Descartes: res cogitans

Question 3

LECTURE Descartes method

Answer 3

Skepticism: question everything philosophically to find basic truths

Question 4

What is consciousness, 3 states

Answer 4

To have experiences (qualia) = subjective
Functional: information processing, what it does
Physical: neural firing that creates the state, what its made of?
Phenomenal: what its like to be in that state, what it feels like
MB problem is how these are related, movements are largely based on how they deal with the interactionist problem

Question 5

Answers to MB problem: monism

Answer 5

functional, physical and phenomenal is the same ontological stuff

Question 6

answers to mb problem: dualism

Answer 6

physical (+functional) and phenomenal is not the same stuff
Descartes: interactionist dualism
Cartesian substance dualism: brain and mind is causally connected but not the same substance
Property dualism: only different properties

Question 7

parallelism and occasionalism

Answer 7

Leibniz (1646-1716)
occasionalism: when bodiliy event occurs, so does a mental event
parrallelism: pre established harmony among the monads by God, dont intereact, two clocks running in reverse
Inspired Wundt bc he said consciousness could be measured (psychophysics)

Question 8

Materialism

Answer 8

Monistic Positivist principle that everything, even consciousness, can be understood in the terms of matter and energy, physics and chemistry. Only matter exists.
Radical countermovement to Descartes and dualism
De La Mettrie: Man as a Machine

Question 9

Idealism

Answer 9

A monistic view that solves interactionist problem by saying only mind exists. You continue to exist bc God sees it

Question 10

Ontology

Answer 10

The metaphysical search of what stuff the mind is made of

Question 11

Epiphenomenalism

Answer 11

body only influences mind
VS parallelism (no interaction) and cartesian dualism

Question 12

How does the law of conservation of energy play into all this MB problem

Answer 12

interactionist view says energy is not constant

one must give up on either interactionism or dualism, created different forms of dualism