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Forest Health** > Lecture Definitions > Flashcards

Lecture Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Alternate Host

A

One or the other of the 2 different hosts of a host alternating (heteroecious) rust

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2
Q

Basal Cups

A

Cuplike structures of dwarf mistletoe that remain on the branches of the host tree after he aerial shoots fall off

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2
Q

define:apothecia

A

cuplike structure containing asci

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3
Q

Basidiospore

A

A spore produced on a basidium

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3
Q

define asci/ascus

A

sack like structure containing a definite number of ascospores, usually 8

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4
Q

Canker

caused by?

A

An area of dead tissue in a woody stem caused by fungi, bacteria or dwarf mistletoes. It is marked by sloughing of tissue that leaves an open wound surrounded by zones of callus

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4
Q

ascospore

A

spore produced in ascus

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5
Q

Chlorosis

A

An unseasonable yellowing of the foliage, symptomatic of a chlorophyll deficiency in the leaf tissues

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5
Q

brown cubical rot

A

rot in which the causal fungi generally made a more concentrated attack on cellulose than lignin. the brown friable residue splits along rectangular planes in the advanced stage of decay

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6
Q

Conk

A

The fruiting body or spore-producing structure of a wood decay fungus forming externally on the host

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6
Q

catface

A

(1) a defect on the surface of a tree or log resulting from a wound(2)a well defined healing or healed wound on the bole of a tree, usually at the base

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7
Q

Dieback

A

Death of extremities of the branches or leaves

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7
Q

damping off

A

death of seeds or seedlings, usually by soil-borne fungi

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8
Q

Endemic

A

An agent or disease present in a population or geographical area at all times

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8
Q

facultative parasite

A

the ability of normally saprophytic organisms to parasitize, i.e. to live on living material

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9
Q

Epidemic

A

Widespread high level of disease incidence beyond normal proportions

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9
Q

facultative saprophyte

A

the ability of normally parasitic organisms to live on dead material

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10
Q

Gall

caused by:(4)

A

Small, local swelling on the stem or branch of a tree caused by fungi, bacteria, insects or physiological disorders

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10
Q

hip canker(affects 3 things)

A

ridges in stem sapwood, affect form of tree, lumber content, and growth rate

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11
Q

Heart Rot

A

Decay in the heartwood (centre) of a tree

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11
Q

lesion

A

a definite, localized area of dead tissue, a circumscribed diseased area

12
Q

Hypha, Hyphae

A

A fungus filament

12
Q

obligate parasite

A

a parasite that is incapable of existing independently of living tissues

13
Q

Laminate

A

Separated into sheets or layers

13
Q

obligate saprophyte

A

inability of a pathogen to live on anything but dead material

14
Q

Mycelium

A

Collective term for hyphae or fungus filaments

14
Q

vector

A

an organism (usually an insect) that can transmit disease

15
Q

Pathogen

A

An organism capable of causing disease

15
Q

virulence

A

degree of pathogenicity

16
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives in or on another living organism (host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the hosts expense

17
Q

Red Belt

A

Winter drying of conifers in mountainous areas producing bands of reddened trees at specific elevations

18
Q

Resinosis

A

An abnormal exudation of resin or pitch from conifers

An abnormal flow or resin or pitch from conifers

19
Q

Rhizomorph

A

Strand or chord of compact mycelium, often dark in colour

20
Q

Saprophyte

A

An organism which lives off of lifeless organic matter

21
Q

Sign

A

Expression of the casual agent of a disease

22
Q

Symptom

A

Expression of the host indicating the presence of a disease

23
Q

Sunscald

A

Heat injury to bark and cambium resulting from exposure to intense sunlight

24
Q

Aggregating Phermones

A

Phermones released by either sex of an insect which attracts both males and females to a location. Used by bark beetles to ensure that sufficient beetles are at a susceptible tree to overcome its resistance

25
Q

Boring Dust

A

Fine, light coloured powdered wood, cast out of tunnels made by burrowing bark beetles or other wood boring insects. An early sign of attack by bark beetles.

26
Q

Chitin

A

A polymer that constitutes a major component inside an exoskeleton and fungal cell walls

27
Q

Egg Gallery

A

A groove excavated by a female bark beetle under the bark. Eggs are laid in niches or groups along the side of the egg gallery. When larvae hatch, they excavate feeding galleries in the phloem at right angles to the gallery

28
Q

Frass

A

Dry excremement of wood boring insects consisting chiefly of wood particles or other plant material. Solid larval insect excrement

29
Q

Instar

A

The immature insect. The first instar is the insect after hatching but before its first molt. The second instar is the insect after the first molt but before its second molt etc.

Any post-egg stage, initiated or terminated by molting, indicated growth stages.

30
Q

Larva

A

An individual that emerges from the egg and differs markedly from the adult form

31
Q

Metamorphasis

A

The change in form during development

32
Q

Nymph

A

The immature stage of a hemimetabolous insect (one with incomplete metamorphasis); it usually resembles the adult.

33
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Development of an egg without fertilization

34
Q

Pitch Tubes

A

A combination of boring dust, insect frass, and tree pitch that amasses around the entrance hole of an egg galleryas the adult female beetle excavates under the bark

35
Q

Pupa

A

The stage of insect development between the last larval instar and the emergence of a new adult.

36
Q

Decay

A

The process by which sound wood is destroyed by the action of fungi

37
Q

Inoculum

A

Spores or tissue of a pathogen that serve to initiate disease in a plant. Infectious material.

Forest Health** (8 decks)

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