Lecture: Cognitive Science and the real world

Question 1

Cognitive science and law: What is false memory?

Answer 1

-False memory is when people mistake suggestions by an interviewer (scientists, policeman, or therapist, for example) as actual memories.
-“Lost in the mall” scenario
-“Meeting Bugs Bunny at Disney World” scenario
There are lots of people in jail because of implanted memories of childhood abuse caused by well intentioned therapists.

Question 2

Cognitive science and law: What is case based reasoning?

Answer 2

-Case-based reasoning (CBR) is an artificial intelligence paradigm that reasons about what to do by retrieving similar situations from memory.
-Lawyers need to find similar legal cases to the case they’re working on.
-These can be retrieved by using a case, keywords, or
principles as a query.
-CBR has also been successful for help desks.

Question 3

what is the relationship between medicine and AI?

Answer 3

• things like diagnosis, medical information retrieval, image and recognition
• Many are not used because they do not fit in with how the medical establishment works
• Some of the earliest AI programs were made to diagnose patients. They are “expert systems” which are Ais intended to mimic the behaviour of human experts
• If medical data were allowed to be used with AI, a lot more lives would be saved

Question 4

What are the issues surrounding working with Human-Computer Interaction in the real world?

Answer 4

• Usefulness: How effective is the computer/software at what it is supposed to do?
• Usability: How easy is the software to use?
• Learnability: How easy is it to learn how to use the software?

Question 5

How can cognitive science be applied to politics?

Answer 5

-George Lakoff has a popular theory that we think about abstract concepts as metaphors with more basic, usually bodily concepts
-E.g., love is a journey, characterized by “the relationship was not going anywhere,” etc.
-His book Moral Politics describes how conservatives
use a “strict father” metaphor of government and liberals use a “nurturant parent” metaphor.

Question 6

The relationship between cognitive science and behavioural economics

Answer 6

-Classical period: economics allied with psychology
Neo-Classical period: View that humans were rational:
HomoEconomicus, or “rational man” assumption
-Psychology and Cognitive Science influence (beginning with Tversky ,Kahneman, and Herbert Simon) shows the flaws in the homo economicusn assumption.

Question 7

Watson playing jeopardy

Answer 7

• Part of a tradition of Game playing AI’s

- What would a program need to be able to do what Watson did

Question 8

What is visual analytics?

Answer 8

• Using computer visualization to help analysts understand data
• Can visualize whale patterns

Question 9

What is virtual reality?

Answer 9

• Has a lot of HCI and computer interactions issues

- Virtual reality is the future but its also been the future for a very long time

Question 10

Robocup

Answer 10

• Small size
• Mid size
• Humanoid robots
• Dog soccer ( if they picked up the dog in the middle of the game, its probabilities were thrown off)
• As the sizes of the robots get bigger, the game gets less exciting and slower.