Lecture 4: Cognitive science & school

Question 1

Students who take notes __ ______ remember more

Answer 1

by hand

Question 2

How many hours should you study a week?

Answer 2

20 hours per week for all classes combined

Question 3

Scientific evidence for learning styles is _____

Answer 3

weak. Never use a perceived learning style for not doing well in school.

Question 4

what happens when people multitask?

Answer 4

Performance drops

Question 5

What is the key to success?

Answer 5

time management

Question 6

What are the benefits of the half hour method?

Answer 6

All important projects stat active in memory (allowing for incubation and connections to be made), just the right amount of time, allows time for questions, help and finish on time

Question 7

What is the order of things you should do when studying

Answer 7

Walk outside, study, take a nap/sleep, repeat

Question 8

Where to study?

Answer 8

study in lots of place to increase retention in a variety of environments

Question 9

Why is sleep beneficial?

Answer 9

necessary for encoding long term memories

Question 10

What is psychoeducational assessment?

Answer 10

Completed by clinical psychologists assessing cognitive and academic skills. Demonstrate a pattern of discrepancies. Percentiles (scale of 1-99) compares to a segment of the normal sample

Question 11

What is the working definition of LD?

Answer 11

Unexpected academic underachievement and Affects a specific psychological process.
Specific impairments are:Associated with dysfunction of the brain, Present since birth, Not primarily explained by the cultural, psychosocial, psychiatric factors or lack of educational opportunity, Distinct from global intellectual impairments and No academic improvement after intervention

Question 12

What are the prevalence rates of the general population, the paul menton centre, and CU?

Answer 12

General population: 2.5% of adults age 15+
Paul menton centre: 29% of students identify their primary disability as a learning disability
Carleton university: 1.88% population is registered with PMC with an LD

Question 13

What are some specific cognitive in weaknesses in those with an LD?

Answer 13

Visual processing
(Generating, storing, or retrieving images)
Auditory processing
(Processing sounds)
Working memory
(Manipulating information)
Processing speed
(Performing simple tasks quickly)

Question 14

What is the pattern of strengths and weaknesses?

Answer 14

1. Above Average intelligence
2. A specific academic weakness
3. A specific cognitive processing weakness
4. There is a meaningful relationship between the cognitive deficit and the academic deficit

Question 15

What are some reading based disabilities?

Answer 15

Word recognition/ phonology (dyslexia), Fluency, Comprehension

Question 16

What is metacognition?

Answer 16

the “ability to consciously and deliberately monitor and regulate ones knowledge, processes, and cognitive and affective states” Cognitive process “is one in which mental contents are operated on in order to produce some response”

Question 17

What is self regulated learning?

Answer 17

planning and monitoring, testing, revising and evaluating strategies employed when learning and reading

Question 18

What is affective vs cognitive states?

Answer 18

Affective states is managing emotions (e.g., anxiety and worry)
Cognitive states is managing internal (e.g., thoughts) and external distractions (e.g., sustaining focus despite external noises)