Lecture: Anatomy 5: Introduction to anatomy Flashcards
Supine position?
Body is lying facing up
Prone position?
Body is lying face down
Anterior (ventral) view?
At or near the front of the body.
Posterior (dorsal) view?
At or near the back of the body.
Midline?
The imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves
Medial?
Nearer to the midline
Lateral?
Away from the midline
Frontal (coronal) plane?
Divides the body into front and back portions.
Tranverse (horizontal) plane?
Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
Sagittal plane?
Divides a structure or the body vertically into right or left portions.
Oblique plane?
Passes through a structure or the entire body at an angle.
Proximal?
Nearer to the origination of a structure.
Distal?
Farther from the origination of a structure.
Superior view?
The upper part of a structure
Inferior view?
The lower part of a structure
Superficial?
Close to the surface of the body
Caudal?
Lower spine
Cranial?
Skull
Flexion?
Movement in sagittal plane away from the anatomical position; decrease angle.
Extension?
Movement in sagittal plane towards the anatomical position; increase angle.
Abduction?
Movement in frontal plane away from the midline.
Adduction?
Movement in frontal plane towards the midline.
Elevation?
Movement in a superior direction.
Depression?
Movement in a inferior direction.
Circumduction?
Conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled.
Dorsiflexion?
Flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly.
Plantarflexion?
Extension at the ankle, so that the foot points inferiorly.
Pectoralis Major
- Origin: Clavicle and sternum
- Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
- Function: Adducts and medially rotates humerus
- Innervation: Lateral and Medial Pectoral nerves
Pectoralis Minor
- Origin: 3-5th rib.
- Insertion: coracoid process of scapula.
- Function: elevates ribs and moves scapula anteriorly, inferiorly and medially
- Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve
Serratus Anterior
- Origin: 1-8th rib.
- Insertion: medial border of scapula.
- Function: Protracts scapula
- Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve
What are the 3 layers of the intercostal muscles?
- External Intercostals
- Innermost Intercostals
- Internal Intercostals
How are the intercostal muscles supplied and innervated?
Supplied by intercostal artery, vein and nerve which runs in subcostal groove.
How are the posterior intercostal muscles supplied?
Descending aorta- posterior intercostal arteries
How are the anterior intercostal muscles supplied?
Subclavian artery- inferior thoracic artery- anterior intercostal arteries
Intervertebral joint?
Joints between between vertebrae
Costovertebral joint?
Joint where head of rib attaches to vertebrae
Costotransverse joint?
Joint where tubercle of rib attaches to transverse process of vertebrae
Intercondral joint?
Joints within the hyaline cartilage where false ribs attach to true ribs
Costochondral joint?
Joint where rib ends and costal cartilage starts
Sternocostal joint?
Joint between costal cartilage and sternum
Sternoclavicular joint?
Joint where sternum joins clavicle
