Lecture 9 whoop

Question 1

5 stages of infectious disease

Answer 1

1. incubation period (no signs/symptoms)
2. Prodromal period (vague/general signs/symptoms)
3. Illness (most severe signs/symptoms)
4. Decline (declining signs and symptoms
5. Convalescence (no signs/symptoms)

Question 2

How does infection spread

Answer 2

causative agent- virus/bacteria/parasite
reservoir- human, animal, food, water, fomite
means of exit- excretion, secretions, droplets
mode of transmission- contact, airbourne, vector
portal of entry- respiratory, GI, GU, mucous, skin
person at risk- young, elderly, immunocompromised

Question 3

breaking the chain of infection

Answer 3

causative agent: rapid detection and treatment
reservoir source: good hygeine sterilisation, disinfection
exit: waster removal, disinfectant
mode: airflow control, bed spacing
entry: aseptic technique, catheter, wound care
person at risk: identification, car, vaccination, education

Question 4

mortality

Answer 4

incidence of death in a population

Question 5

morbidity

Answer 5

incidence of disease (fatal and non-fatal)

Question 6

incidence

Answer 6

number of new cases in given time

Question 7

prevalence

Answer 7

total number of cases in a given time

Question 8

Endemic

Answer 8

amount usually present baseline or endemic level

Question 9

sporadic

Answer 9

infrequent and irregular disease

Question 10

epidemic

Answer 10

sudden increase in cases in area

Question 11

pandemic

Answer 11

spread over continents widespread large no of ppl

Question 12

epidemiology studies

Answer 12

reporting of clinical cases
diagnostic follow up confirmation
monitor disease incidence following therapy/vaccine
monitor case histories/patient recordes