lecture 8

Question 1

initially early treatments for infectious diseases were

Answer 1

not selective
e.g syphilis
highly toxic medicines e.g mercury more harmful

Question 2

change?

Answer 2

some dyes stained microbes
magic bullet kill microbial cells but not host cell IDEA
first selective antibiotic Salvarsan

Question 3

Penicillin

how did it work?

Answer 3

truly selective Staphylococcus bacteria destroyed by Penicillium notatum
by interfering with the normal formation of the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting formation of peptidoglycan crosslinks

Question 4

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 4

mutations are the most important cause of genetic diversity in microbial populations

Question 5

Environmental causes of mutations

Answer 5

environmental agents
x-rays
UV light
radiation 
certain chemicals

Question 6

Beta Lactamse e.g

Answer 6

has mutation enzyme produced by bacteria to destroy penicillin

Question 7

Antibiotic resistance passing on methods

Answer 7

Vertical gene transfer

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 8

how to reduce development of antibiotic resistance

Answer 8

decrease utilization
improve diagnostic
identify new targets
combination therapies