lecture 9: Understanding and managing flood risk 4

Question 1

Adaptation:

Answer 1

Planning regulations

Preparedness

Emergency response

Cleanup

Insurance

Question 2

Pitt Review – Learning Lessons from the 2007 floods

Answer 2

Knowing when and where it will flood

Improved planning and reducing the risk of flooding and its impact

Being rescued and cared for in an emergency

Maintaining power and water supplies and protecting essential services

Better advice and helping people to protect their families and homes

Recovery

Question 3

The oceans: acidification

Answer 3

Oceans increase in acidity through uptake of CO2 from atmosphere

Forms weak carbonic acid
30% increase in acidity over last 250 years

Corrosive to sea life e.g. coral reefs with implications up the food chain

Question 4

The oceans: fisheries

Answer 4

Decreasing and stagnating catches now more than half of total

Nearly 70% fully or over-fished

No new sources

Trawling methods highly destructive of ecosystem

Question 5

Marine protected areas

Answer 5

> 6800 (nearly 3% of oceans) compared with 16% of land (2014)

Fishing restricted but only 0.01% of ocean surface is ‘no-take’ zone
Goal is 20-30% no take zone

More protected in national territorial seas (within 12 miles from coast) than international ‘high’ seas
2015 Budget created Pitcairn Island Marine reserve (world’s largest)

Question 6

All marine Anthropogenic Threats

Answer 6

38 threats
Pollution
Fishing
Climate change

Question 7

Ocean plastics

Answer 7

5 large gyres around world

e.g. 700K km2 (8% of Pacific ocean)

Macro and micro-plastics + chemical sludge

Toxicity, food chain and wildlife harm