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Parasitology > Lecture 9: Tick Infestations > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Tick Infestations Flashcards

1
Q

What are a destructive group of blood sucking parasitic arthropods

A

Ticks

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2
Q

When are ticks most abundant

A

Spring and fall

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3
Q

2 major families of ticks

A

Ixodidae
Argasidae

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4
Q

Ticks have what 2 general segments

A

Head
Body

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5
Q

General anatomy of ticks: what structures are fused, what 2 structures are absent

A

Fused head, thorax and abdomen
No antennae or mandibles

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6
Q

Tick head aka

A

Capitulum or gnathosoma

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7
Q

Basis capituli

A

Near body

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8
Q

2 components of head/capitulum/gnathosoma

A

Basis capituli
Mouthparts

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9
Q

3 components of mouthparts

A

2 chelicerae
1 hypostome
2 palps

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10
Q

Chelicerae function

A

Cutting blades for laceration

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11
Q

Hypostome function

A

Barbed, penetrating sucking organ

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12
Q

What are palps

A

Accessory appendages

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13
Q

Tick body aka

A

Idiosoma

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14
Q

What are the tick’s respiratory openings called

A

Spiracles

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15
Q

how many legs do ADULT ticks have

A

8

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16
Q

Body/idiosoma shape of ticks

A

Dorsoventrally flattened

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17
Q

Scutum definition

A

Dorsal shield

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18
Q

Festoons definition

A

Grooves on back margin

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19
Q

Ixodidae vs argasidae (which one is hard/soft tick)

A

Ixodidae = soft ticks
Argasidae = hard ticks

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20
Q

Ixodidae vs argasidae: presence or absence of scutum/festoons

A

Ixodidae = present
Argasidae = absent

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21
Q

Ixodidae: lifecycle (how many stages), when blood meal taken

A

3 stages
Larvae hatch from eggs —> nymphs —> adults
Single bloodmeal and moult between stages

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22
Q

Argasidae: max number of life cycle stages, when and how many blood meals taken

A

11 stages
Multiple blood meals between stages

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23
Q

Which general tick type has adult and nymphal stages that feed on the same host

A

Argasidae

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24
Q

Which general tick type is Nidicolous

A

Argasidae

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25
Q

Which general tick type is non nidiculous

A

Ixodidae

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26
Q

which tick type finds a host and remains attached throughout its entire life cycle

A

Ixodidae

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27
Q

Which tick type inhabits the nest/burrow of the host

A

Argasidae

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28
Q

Which tick type targets small rodents, larger mammals and HUMANS

A

Ixodidae

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29
Q

Which tick type targets birds and bats mainly

A

Argasidae

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30
Q

2 types of disease transmission by ticks

A

Transovarian
Transstadial

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31
Q

Transovarian transmission

A

1 host ticks
Disease organisms passed from adult FEMALE to her larvae through infection of her eggs/ovaries

32
Q

Transstadial transmission

A

2 or 3 host ticks
Infection acquired by larval tick carried through moult to nymphal stage —> transmitted to host on which nymph feeds —> carried through molt and transmitted to host on which adult tick feeds

33
Q

Main difference between Transovarian and Transstadial transmission

A

Transovarian = FEMALES
Transstadial = larvae can be male or female

34
Q

Argasidae: 3 genera

A

Argas
Ornithodoros
Otobius

35
Q

How many nymphal stages do argasidae have

A

2 or more

36
Q

What is required for each nymphal stage: argasidae

A

Blood meal from host

37
Q

Argasidae: life cycle and feeding

A

Larvae attach to and feed on host (chicken) —> larvae LEAVE HOST and molt into 1st nymphal stage —> nymphs attach to host and feed again —> nymph LEAVES HOST and mounts in sheltered area —> nymphs feed on 3rd host —> process repeats for 2-7 nymphal stages —> adults feed on host, reproduce off of host

38
Q

When do females of argasidae lay a clutch of eggs

A

After each feeding

39
Q

Argas species: morphology, where normally found

A

Flattened, ovoid, yellow to reddish brown
Rarely found on host —> look in hen house
Gulf of Mexico and Mexican border

40
Q

Argas persicus: generic name, hosts

A

Fowl tick or blue bugs
Domestic fowl and wild birds (ducks, geese, pigeons)

41
Q

why are Argas persicus called blue bugs

A

Turn blue when they take a blood meal

42
Q

Argas persicus: diseases transmitted (3)

A

Borrelia anserina = fowl or avian spirochetosis
Aegyptianella pullorum = aegyptianellosis
Tick paralysis

43
Q

ornithodoros: 2 species

A

O. hermsi
O. coriaceus

44
Q

ornithodoros hermsi: host, geographic location

A

rodent
rocky mountain and pacific coast

45
Q

ornithodoros coriaceus: hosts, geographic location

A

deer and cattle
california and oregon

46
Q

3 argasidae (Soft tick) species

A

argas persicus
ornithodoros
otobius megnini

47
Q

otobius megnini: generic name, 2 hosts, what is special about adults, how differ from argas and ornithodorus

A

spinose ear tick
ear canals of cattle and horses
adults don’t feed
1 host tick

48
Q

hard ticks (ixodidae): morphology, how often do they feed, how many molts occur

A

scutum covers dorsal surface
only feed once
2 molts: larva –> nymph and lymph –> adult

49
Q

hard ticks morphology: male vs female

A

male = scutum covers entire dorsal surface
female = scutum only part of surface

50
Q

ixodidae: 5 genera

A

ixodes
rhipicephalus
dermacentor
amblyomma
haemaphysalis

51
Q

1 host tick definition

A

complete both molts (larva –> nymph and nymph –> adult) without leaving host

52
Q

2 host tick definition

A

engorged nymph drops off to molt
2nd host can be same or different

53
Q

3 host tick definition

A

engorged nymphs and larvae drop off to molt

54
Q

ixodes species: 1/2/ or 3 host tick, ornate vs inornate scutum

A

3 host tick
inornate

55
Q

ixodes: 2 major species

A

Ixodes scapularis
ixodes pacificus

56
Q

ixodes scapularis: generic name, main host, geographic region

A

deer tick
white tailed deer
eastern USA

57
Q

ixodes pacificus: generic name, hosts, geographic region

A

western blacklegged tick
lizards and small mammals
western USA

58
Q

rhipicephalus: inornate vs ornate scutum, shape of basis capitula

A

inornate
hexagonal basis capitula

59
Q

rhipicephalus: 2 species

A

rhipicephalus sanguineus
rhipicephalus annulatus

60
Q

rhipicephalus sanguineus: generic name, 1/2/3 host tick, main host, disease transmitted

A

brown dog tick
3 host tick
dogs
babesia canis = canine piroplasmosis

61
Q

rhipicephalus annulatus: generic name, 1/2/3 host tick, hosts, disease transmitted

A

cattle tick
1 host tick
babesia bovis = bovine piroplasmosis

62
Q

most implicated genus of ticks that cause tick paralysis in USA

A

dermacentor

63
Q

dermacentor ticks: 1/2/3 host, ornate vs inornate scutum, shape of basis capitula

A

3 host tick
ornate
rectangular basis capitula

64
Q

2 main species of dermacentor

A

andersoni
variabilis

65
Q

dermacentor andersoni: generic name, hosts, geographic region

A

rocky mountain wood tick
dogs and small mammals
rocky mountains

66
Q

dermacentor variabilis: generic name, hosts, geographic region

A

american dog tick
dogs, mammals
west coast USA

67
Q

amblyomma: 1/2/3 host tick, ornate vs inornate scutum, size relationship between mouthparts and basis capitula

A

3 host tick
ornate
mouthparts longer than basis

68
Q

2 species of amblyomma

A

americanum
macalatum

69
Q

amblyomma americanum: generic name, geographic location, main host, disease transmitted

A

lone star tick
white tailed deer
texas
cytauxzoon felis = fetal protozoal disease of cat

70
Q

amblyomma maculatum: generic name, 3 hosts, geographic location, disease transmitted

A

gulf coast tick
small rodents, birds, mammals
gulf coast USA
hepatozoon americanum = american hepatozoonosis

71
Q

haemaphysalis: 1/2/3 host tick, ornate vs inornate scutum, special thing about palps

A

3 host tick
inornate
laterally flared second segment = beyond basis capitulum

72
Q

main species of haemaphysalis

A

haemaphysalis leporispalustris

73
Q

haemaphysalis leporispalustris: generic name, main host

A

rabbit tick
rabbits

74
Q

ticks: clinical importance/adverse effects (5)

A

tick toxicosis
bite wound
blood loss = anemia
ill thrift/tick worry
red meat allergy

75
Q

treatment for ticks (general)

A

asaricides

76
Q

epidemiology of argasidae vs ixodidae (what regions found)

A

argasidae = arid regions of USA
ixodidae = all over USA

Parasitology (10 decks)

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