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Head and Neck > Lecture 9- The Orbit > Flashcards

Lecture 9- The Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the small reddish body containing modified sebaceous and sweat glands at the medial corner of the eye?

A

Lacrimal canuncle

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2
Q

What is the only eyelid muscle that is not under conscious control?

A

superior tarsal muscle

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3
Q

What is the name for the opening of the lacrimal canal to which tears drain from the eye?

A

lacrimal puncta

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4
Q

What is the name for the swelling/projection on the eyelid near the lacrimal puncta?

A

Lacrimal papilla

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5
Q

What is the white part of the eye called?

A

sclera

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6
Q

What is the opening between the eyelids called?

A

palpebral fissure

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7
Q

What prevents the eyelids from sticking together?

A

tarsal glands-produce fluid

tarsal plates contain glands

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8
Q

Which direction do tears move across the eye?

A

lateral to medial

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9
Q

Name the four structures that tears pass through after they leave the lacrimal gland and travel across the eye?

A
  • drain into superior & inferior lacrimal puncta
  • into the superior & inferior lacrimal caniculi
  • into the lacrimal sac
  • into nasolactrimal duct

lacrimal puncta->lacrimal canicula->lacrimal sac-> nasolacrimal sac

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10
Q

What muscle divides the lacrimal gland and thus movement of this muscle “milks” the lacrimal gland?

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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11
Q

Name two ways that tear release is triggered from the lacrimal gland.

A

parasympathic innervation

milking by the tendon of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle

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12
Q

Which nerve moderates tear production?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

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13
Q

Describe the pathway of the parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland.

A

presynaptic fibers from greater petrosal nerve (VII)
become nerve to pterygoid canal
synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
postsynaptic fibers run with branches of V (zygomatic->zygomaticotemporal->lacrimal)

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14
Q

Where do parasympathetic of the lacrimal gland synapse?

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

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15
Q

How does paralysis of CN VII affect the eyes?

A

inability of blinking

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16
Q

What nerve controls levator palpebrae superioris?

A

oculomotor (CN III)

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17
Q

What does damage to CN III cause?

A

ptosis

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18
Q

What is the function of the superior tarsal muscle? How is it controlled?

A

elevates eyelid during sympathetic response

sympathetics

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19
Q

Which nerves control the corneal (blink) reflex?

A

afferent- long & short ciliary (V1)

efferent- VII to orbicularis oculi

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the corneal (blink) reflex?

A

prevent cornea from drying out

contact with foreign objects

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21
Q

Name the 7 bones that make up the orbit.

A 
Frontal
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Palatine
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22
Q

What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the inner surface of the orbit?

A

periorbita

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23
Q

Name the 7 muscles that move the eye or eyelid.

A 
Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
24
Q

Which muscle abducts the eye?

A

Lateral rectus

25
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve?

A

Lateral rectus (CN VI)

26
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?

A

Superior oblique muscle

27
Q

Which muscle opens the eye?

A

levator palpebrae superioris

28
Q

Which nerve controls opening of the eye?

A

oculomotor nerve (CN III)- levator palpebrae superioris

29
Q

What is the name for the clinical test used to test individual eye muscles?

A

H Test

30
Q

What is diploblia?

A

double vision

31
Q

What muscle is being tested when looking “laterally and upward”?

A

superior rectus

32
Q

What muscle is being tested when looking “laterally and downward”?

A

inferior rectus

33
Q

What muscle is being tested when looking “laterally”?

A

lateral rectus

34
Q

What muscle is being tested when looking “medially”?

A

medial rectus

35
Q

What muscle is being tested when looking “medially and upward”?

A

inferior oblique

36
Q

What muscle is being tested when looking “medially and downward”?

A

superior oblique

37
Q

What are the 4 functions of the eye that are mediated by autonomics?

A

Accomodation
Constriction of pupil
Dilation of pupil
Involuntary elevation of eyelid

38
Q

What muscle controls accommodation (focusing)?

A

ciliary muscle

39
Q

What nerves control accommodation?

A

parasympathetic short ciliary nerves (V1) from ciliary ganglion (fibers originated in oculomotor III)

40
Q

What type of innervation controls constriction of the pupil?

A

parasympathetic

41
Q

What type of innervation controls dilation of the pupil?

A

sympathetic

42
Q

Which muscle causes involuntary elevation of the eyelid?

A

superior tarsal muscle (sysmpathetics)

43
Q

What is the colored part of the eye called?

A

iris

44
Q

What is the transparent covering over the iris?

A

cornea

45
Q

What is miosis?

A

maximum constriction

46
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

maximum dilation

47
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

compression of the sympathetic trunk

48
Q

How does Horner’s Syndrome affect the eye?

A

miosis (constriction)

49
Q

What are four causes of miosis?

A

light
fatigue
horner’s syndrome
morphine

50
Q

What are four causes of mydriasis?

A

dark
excitement, pain
oculomotor palsy
migraine

51
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibers to the eye synapse?

A

superior cervical ganglion

52
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibers in the orbit originate from?

A

oculomotor (synapse in ciliary ganglion and travel with short ciliary of V1 to eye muscles)

53
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome?

A

ptosis of eyelids
Miosis of pupil
anhydrosis (lack of sweating)

54
Q

Which muscle of the eye has lost function in Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Superior tarsal muscle

55
Q

Name 5 nerve branches that travel in the cavernous sinus.

A 
III
IV
V1
V2
VI
56
Q

What are 5 symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis.

A
  • Bulging eyeballs
  • Cannot move eye in certain direction
  • Drooping eyelids
  • Headaches
  • Vision loss

Head and Neck (9 decks)

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