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Lecture 5-Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

Where do neural crest cell originate?

A

Neuroectoderm

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2
Q

Where do cranial nerve sensory ganglia originate?

A

ectodermal placodes and neural crest cells

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3
Q

Which pharyngeal arch does not develop in adults?

A

Pharyngeal arch V

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4
Q

What are the 4 pairs of temporary structures that forms the pharyngeal apparatus?

A
  1. Pharyngeal arches
  2. Pharyngeal grooves (clefts)
  3. Pharyngeal pouches
  4. Pharyngeal membranes
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5
Q

What is the mesenchymal core of each pharyngeal arch made of?

A

mesoderm

neural crest cells

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6
Q

Where are the pharyngeal grooves (clefts) located and what are they made of?

A

outside

made of ectoderm

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7
Q

Where are the pharyngeal pouches located and what are they made of?

A

inside

made of endoderm

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8
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 1?

A 
Maxillary artery
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
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9
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 2?

A 
Stapedial and Hyoid artery
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
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10
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Common Carotid, Proximal ICA, ECA

Glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 4?

A

Arch of the aorta, left subclavian, right proximal subclavian
Superior laryngeal Nerve of the Vagus (CN X)

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12
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 6?

A 
Pulmonary arteries (ductus arteriosus)
Recurrent laryngeal of the Vagus (CN X)
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13
Q

What are the skeletal elements of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6?

A

laryngeal cartilages

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14
Q

What are the skeletal elements of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

lower body and greater horn of the hyoid (endochondral ossification)

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15
Q

What are the skeletal elements of pharyngeal arch 2?

A 
styloid process
stylohyoid ligament
lesser horns and upper body of hyoid
stapes
(all from endochondral ossification)
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16
Q

What are the skeletal elements of pharyngeal arch 1?

A 
Meckel's Cartilage:
Incus, malleus
sphenomandibular ligament
anterior ligament of the malleus
Also from arch 1:
maxilla, zygomatic, mandible, temporal, part of palatine
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17
Q

What muscles develop from pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Masseter, Temporalis, Lateral and Medial Pterygoid

Mylohyoid, Ant. Belly of Digastric, Tensor veli palatini, Tensor tympani

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18
Q

What muscles develop from pharyngeal arch 2?

A

Muscles of facial expression
Post. Belly of Digastric
Stylohyoid and Stapedius

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19
Q

What muscle develops from pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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20
Q

What muscles develop from pharyngeal arch 4?

A

muscles of the palate (except tensor veli palatine)
muscles of the pharynx (except stylopharyngeus)
upper esophagus

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21
Q

What muscles develop from pharyngeal arch 6?

A

intrinsic muscles of the larynx

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22
Q

What are the two ways that bone development occurs?

A 
Intramembranous
Intracartilaginous (endochondral)
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23
Q

What is another name for pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Mandibular arch

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24
Q

What are the two prominences formed in pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Maxillary

Mandibulary

25
Q

Which prominences of pharyngeal arch 1 does Meckel’s cartilage develop from?

A

Mandibular prominence

26
Q

What does Meckel’s Cartilage of arch 1 give rise to?

A
  1. Incus
  2. Malleus
  3. Ant. ligament of the malleus
  4. Shenomandibular ligament

(3 & 4 are from the perichondrium of Meckel’s Cartilage)

27
Q

What is the function of the sphenomandibular ligament? What is is derived from?

A

Functions to provide passive support to mandible

Derived from Meckel’s Cartilage of Arch 1

28
Q

Which type of bone formation occurs from differentiating neural crest cells?

A

intramembranous ossificaiton

29
Q

Give examples of facial bones that develop by intramembranous ossification

A 
Maxillary bone
Zygomatic bone
Mandible
Palatine bone
Squamous portion of temporal bone
30
Q

What is the cartilage of the 2nd pharyngeal arch known as? What does it give rise to?

A 
Reichert's Cartilage
Gives rise to:
-Stapes
-Styloid process
-Stylohyoid liagment
-Lesser horn and upper body of hyoid bone
31
Q

What is the 2nd arch also known as?

A

Hyoid arch

32
Q

What is the only muscle of the third arch? What nerve crosses and innervates it?

A 
Stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN VIII)
33
Q

What two muscles does the stylopharyngeus pass through to reach the hyoid?

A

Superior and Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles

34
Q

What type of tissue are the laryngeal cartilages formed from?

A

lateral plate mesoderm

35
Q

Where is the most likely place to find a branchial (pharyngeal) vestigal cartilage?

A

right below skin at inferior portion of sternocleidomastoid

36
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

A

epithelial lining of the auditory tube

37
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch become?

A

the palatine fossa for the palatine tonsil

38
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Dorsal: inferior parathyroid
Ventral: stroma of the thymus

39
Q

What develops from the 4th pharyngeal pouch?

A

Dorsal-superior parathyroid

Ventral-ultimobrancial body of the thyroid

40
Q

How many pharyngeal grooves are there? pouches?

A

4 pairs of each

41
Q

What structure arises from the 1st pharyngeal cleft/groove?

A

external auditory meatus

42
Q

What happens to pharyngeal clefts 2-4?

A

mesenchyme from the 2nd arch overlaps them and they disappear leaving the transient cervical sinus

43
Q

What is the cervical sinus?

A

a transient structure that is the remnant of pharyngeal grooves/clefts 2-4

44
Q

What is the only adult remnant of the pharyngeal membrane?

A

tympanic membrane

45
Q

Where does the lining of the tympanic cavity and auditory tube develop from?

46
Q

Where does the tympanic membrane develop from?

A

membrane 1

47
Q

Where does the external auditory meatus develop from?

48
Q

Where does the palatine tonsil develop from?

49
Q

Where do the thymus and inferior parathyroids develop from?

50
Q

Where do they superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body develop from?

51
Q

Where doe the external acoustic meatus develop from?

A

pharyngeal groove 1

52
Q

Where does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue develop from?

A

pharyngeal arch 1

53
Q

Which arches contribute to the adult tongue structure?

A

arches 1, 3, 4

54
Q

What is the 1st endocrine gland to develop?

A

thyroid gland

55
Q

What is the remnant on the tongue of where the thyroglossal duct from the thyroid used to communicate with the tongue?

A

foramen cecum

56
Q

What is the foramen cecum?

A

A remnant on the tongue where the thyroglossal duct from the thyroid gland used to communicate with the tongue

57
Q

What is a thyroglossal cyst?

A

A remnant of the thryoglossal duct that maintain communication between the thyroid and the mouth during the thyroids decent in development

58
Q

What are the two main manifestations of 1st arch syndrome?

A

Trecher Collins Syndrome

Robin sequence

59
Q

What is DiGeorge Syndrome?

A

failure of 3rd & 4th pouch to differentiate
no thymus or parathyroid glands
facial anonmalies

Head and Neck (9 decks)

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