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Head and Neck > Lecture 5-Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Lecture 5-Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do neural crest cell originate?

A

Neuroectoderm

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2
Q

Where do cranial nerve sensory ganglia originate?

A

ectodermal placodes and neural crest cells

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3
Q

Which pharyngeal arch does not develop in adults?

A

Pharyngeal arch V

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4
Q

What are the 4 pairs of temporary structures that forms the pharyngeal apparatus?

A
  1. Pharyngeal arches
  2. Pharyngeal grooves (clefts)
  3. Pharyngeal pouches
  4. Pharyngeal membranes
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5
Q

What is the mesenchymal core of each pharyngeal arch made of?

A

mesoderm

neural crest cells

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6
Q

Where are the pharyngeal grooves (clefts) located and what are they made of?

A

outside

made of ectoderm

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7
Q

Where are the pharyngeal pouches located and what are they made of?

A

inside

made of endoderm

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8
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 1?

A 
Maxillary artery
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
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9
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 2?

A 
Stapedial and Hyoid artery
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
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10
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Common Carotid, Proximal ICA, ECA

Glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 4?

A

Arch of the aorta, left subclavian, right proximal subclavian
Superior laryngeal Nerve of the Vagus (CN X)

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12
Q

What is the artery and nerve of pharyngeal arch 6?

A 
Pulmonary arteries (ductus arteriosus)
Recurrent laryngeal of the Vagus (CN X)
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13
Q

What are the skeletal elements of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6?

A

laryngeal cartilages

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14
Q

What are the skeletal elements of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

lower body and greater horn of the hyoid (endochondral ossification)

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15
Q

What are the skeletal elements of pharyngeal arch 2?

A 
styloid process
stylohyoid ligament
lesser horns and upper body of hyoid
stapes
(all from endochondral ossification)
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16
Q

What are the skeletal elements of pharyngeal arch 1?

A 
Meckel's Cartilage:
Incus, malleus
sphenomandibular ligament
anterior ligament of the malleus
Also from arch 1:
maxilla, zygomatic, mandible, temporal, part of palatine
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17
Q

What muscles develop from pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Masseter, Temporalis, Lateral and Medial Pterygoid

Mylohyoid, Ant. Belly of Digastric, Tensor veli palatini, Tensor tympani

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18
Q

What muscles develop from pharyngeal arch 2?

A

Muscles of facial expression
Post. Belly of Digastric
Stylohyoid and Stapedius

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19
Q

What muscle develops from pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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20
Q

What muscles develop from pharyngeal arch 4?

A

muscles of the palate (except tensor veli palatine)
muscles of the pharynx (except stylopharyngeus)
upper esophagus

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21
Q

What muscles develop from pharyngeal arch 6?

A

intrinsic muscles of the larynx

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22
Q

What are the two ways that bone development occurs?

A 
Intramembranous
Intracartilaginous (endochondral)
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23
Q

What is another name for pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Mandibular arch

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24
Q

What are the two prominences formed in pharyngeal arch 1?

Study These Flashcards
A

Maxillary

Mandibulary

25
Which prominences of pharyngeal arch 1 does Meckel's cartilage develop from?
Mandibular prominence
26
What does Meckel's Cartilage of arch 1 give rise to?
1. Incus 2. Malleus 3. Ant. ligament of the malleus 4. Shenomandibular ligament (3 & 4 are from the perichondrium of Meckel's Cartilage)
27
What is the function of the sphenomandibular ligament? What is is derived from?
Functions to provide passive support to mandible | Derived from Meckel's Cartilage of Arch 1
28
Which type of bone formation occurs from differentiating neural crest cells?
intramembranous ossificaiton
29
Give examples of facial bones that develop by intramembranous ossification
``` Maxillary bone Zygomatic bone Mandible Palatine bone Squamous portion of temporal bone ```
30
What is the cartilage of the 2nd pharyngeal arch known as? What does it give rise to?
``` Reichert's Cartilage Gives rise to: -Stapes -Styloid process -Stylohyoid liagment -Lesser horn and upper body of hyoid bone ```
31
What is the 2nd arch also known as?
Hyoid arch
32
What is the only muscle of the third arch? What nerve crosses and innervates it?
``` Stylopharyngeus Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN VIII) ```
33
What two muscles does the stylopharyngeus pass through to reach the hyoid?
Superior and Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
34
What type of tissue are the laryngeal cartilages formed from?
lateral plate mesoderm
35
Where is the most likely place to find a branchial (pharyngeal) vestigal cartilage?
right below skin at inferior portion of sternocleidomastoid
36
What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch give rise to?
epithelial lining of the auditory tube
37
What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch become?
the palatine fossa for the palatine tonsil
38
What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch become?
Dorsal: inferior parathyroid Ventral: stroma of the thymus
39
What develops from the 4th pharyngeal pouch?
Dorsal-superior parathyroid | Ventral-ultimobrancial body of the thyroid
40
How many pharyngeal grooves are there? pouches?
4 pairs of each
41
What structure arises from the 1st pharyngeal cleft/groove?
external auditory meatus
42
What happens to pharyngeal clefts 2-4?
mesenchyme from the 2nd arch overlaps them and they disappear leaving the transient cervical sinus
43
What is the cervical sinus?
a transient structure that is the remnant of pharyngeal grooves/clefts 2-4
44
What is the only adult remnant of the pharyngeal membrane?
tympanic membrane
45
Where does the lining of the tympanic cavity and auditory tube develop from?
pouch 1
46
Where does the tympanic membrane develop from?
membrane 1
47
Where does the external auditory meatus develop from?
cleft 1
48
Where does the palatine tonsil develop from?
pouch 2
49
Where do the thymus and inferior parathyroids develop from?
pouch 3
50
Where do they superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body develop from?
pouch 4
51
Where doe the external acoustic meatus develop from?
pharyngeal groove 1
52
Where does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue develop from?
pharyngeal arch 1
53
Which arches contribute to the adult tongue structure?
arches 1, 3, 4
54
What is the 1st endocrine gland to develop?
thyroid gland
55
What is the remnant on the tongue of where the thyroglossal duct from the thyroid used to communicate with the tongue?
foramen cecum
56
What is the foramen cecum?
A remnant on the tongue where the thyroglossal duct from the thyroid gland used to communicate with the tongue
57
What is a thyroglossal cyst?
A remnant of the thryoglossal duct that maintain communication between the thyroid and the mouth during the thyroids decent in development
58
What are the two main manifestations of 1st arch syndrome?
Trecher Collins Syndrome | Robin sequence
59
What is DiGeorge Syndrome?
failure of 3rd & 4th pouch to differentiate no thymus or parathyroid glands facial anonmalies

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