Lecture 9 - Sleep And Physical Health Flashcards
Obesity and diabetes
Obese adults are five times more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes
Sleeping less over years
1913 - 10.5 hrs
1994 - 7.7 hrs
Heart disease in sleep deprived nurses
Sleep durations were associated with risk of coronary heart disease during 10 year follow up
Sleep and diabetes
Epidemiological study; Sleep durations less than 6 or more hours associated with an increase prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance
Sleeping less than 6hr increases diabetes by 30%
Short and long sleep associated with insulin resistance in women
Short and long sleep durations increases risk of diabetes in men
Regularity of naps increases risk of diabetes and increases fasting blood glucose (if above average can be a marker of diabetes)
Sleep and obesity in adults
50 epidemiological studies in different geographical regions found significant association between short sleep - less than 6 hours and increased obesity risk
Sleep and obesity in children
Short sleep duration at 3yoa is a significant predictor if childhood obesity
Also seen in Japanese children
- in adolescents every hour of sleep reduces risk of obesity by 80%
Sleep and mortality
Best survival = 7hrs
15% risk of mortality with sleep more than 8.5 or less than 4 hours
Obesity and heart failure
Obesity doubles risk
Sleep and the cold
3 times More likely to get cold from nasal drops containing rhinovirus if had less than 7 hrs sleep
HPA axis
Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis
Mediates stress response
Stressful stimuli lead to release of corticotropin- releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
This results in release of adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) hormone from the pituitary
This leads to release of cortisol from the adrenal gland
- sleep is initiated when cortisol is low
- SWS has inhibitory effect is HPA axis activity
- HPA hyperactivity may underlie insomnia and depression
