Lecture 5- Sleep Disorders 2

Question 1

What is the diagnostic criteria for sleep apnea in ICSD3?

Answer 1

Non restorative sleep (but not insomnia)
Daytime sleepiness 
Hypertension
Mood disorders 
Cognitive dysfunction

Question 2

How is sleep apnea related to cardiovascular complications?

Answer 2

10,701 sleep apnea patients over 5 years found 142 patients experienced sudden cardiac arrest
5 times at risk of cardiovascular mortality with a SBD
Also an increased risk of cancer mortality

Question 3

How is old age related to sleep apnea?

Answer 3

24% of people older than 65 have more than 5 Apnea events per hour and 62% have more than 10 respiratory disturbances per hour

Question 4

Possible treatment for obesity and OSA?

Answer 4

Bariatric surgery
Loose weight
Improves oxygen saturation, arterial carbon dioxide and increases arterial oxygen content

Question 5

What are parasomnias?

Answer 5

Group of sleep disorders defined as undesirable physical or experiential events that accompany sleep
Abnormal sleep related movements, behaviours, emotions, perceptions, dreaming and autonomic nervous system functioning

Question 6

What are the risk factors for parasomnia?

Answer 6

• increased arousal or increased sleep inertia (disorientation, impaired cognitive and sensory motor performance immediately after waking)
• other sleep disorders e.g. OSA

Question 7

Describe the different NREM parasomnias

Answer 7

Arousal

• confusional: common in children
• sleep walking: complex beguiles that occur from sudden arousal from SWS
• sleep terrors: from SWS, associates with a cry or piercing scream accompanied by autonomic nervous system activation and behavioural manifestation of intense fear

Sleep related eating disorder
- eating behaviour is uncontrollable

Question 8

Treatment for NREM

Answer 8

Often diminish with age
Antidepressants 
Psychotherapy 
Anticipatory awakening 
Sleep hygiene

Question 9

How is melatonin related to sleep?

Answer 9

Hormone secreted by the pineal gland
Reduces alertness
Darkness, pineal gland is activated by SCN

Question 10

Jet lag

Answer 10

Around one day per time zone crossed is needed to adjust