Lecture 7 - Memory And Sleep Flashcards
Describe the two stage model
How to avoid over writing existing knowledge with new information
- have two separate memory stores with gradual transfer from a temporary to a long term memory
- declarative memories = neocortex
Hippocampal neocortical transfer
During encoding the hippocampus binds together the patterns of cortical activation present during learning
Offline - sleep - and over time these patterns are transferred and then maintained solely in the cortex
Sequential hypothesis
Interaction in SWS between temporary and long term store - reactive to consolidate
REM - disconnect from temporary and have strengthening at synaptic level of those memories
What motor learning improvements are seen in sleep?
20% after sleep
What results for declarative memory of learning word pairs and new interfering list was seen?
Subjects who slept were better at remembering more pairs in interference task
How is sleep linked to emotional memory?
Sleep may preferentially enhance retention of emotional aspects of a memory
How can sleep facilitate new insights?
Subjects who slept were more likely to identify the new rule
How have sleep spindle been shown to be a marker of synaptic potentiation
Learning of paired word associations is linked with increased spindle density in the first sleep cycle
How are spindles related to recall of faces and names
Overnight verbal memory retention correlated with number of spindles at left frontal central electrodes
How can TCS been used in declarative memory
When subjects received stimulation declarative memories were enhanced relative to sham stimulation
Spindles also enhanced
Spindles mediate SWS
Other than sleep what else boosts memory consolidation
Wakeful rest for short periods
What factors contribute to inter individual susceptibility to sleep loss
Individual differences in sleep need
Recovery rate during sleep following SD/prolonged wakefulness
Circadian timing (phase)
Circadian amplitude
Rate of circadian adjustment to schedule changes
What areas change after SD in relation to emotional reactivity?
Increased amygdala responses to negative stimuli after SD
Less amygdala to mPFC connectivity, more brain stem connectivity
