Lecture 9 - Regulation of Animal Cell shape Flashcards
The cytoskeleton is highly
__________ but still provides
___________
The cytoskeleton is highly
dynamic but still provides
stability
What are the three main components that the cytoskeleton is made up of?
Intermediate filaments, Microfilaments and Microtubules
Microtubules resist…
Compression
What are microtubules composed of?
Tublin subunits
Microtubules provide cell…
Structure and motility
What is the direction of flagella?
“Swimming”
What is the direction of cillia?
Side to side
What are microfilaments composed of?
A double chain of actin subunits
Microfilaments resist…
Tension
Interactions between actin and ______ _______ such as myosin support cell movement
Motor proteins
What allows for muscle contraction?
Actin-myosin
What are intermediate filaments made of?
Keratins (hair), lamins (nucleus) and neurofilamens (neurons)
What do the intermediate filaments help with? (2)
- Maintain cell shape
- Anchor organelles
T or F
Microtubules are involved in cell
motility (e.g. cilia movement)
True
T or F
Microfilaments resist compression
False, they resist tension. Microtubules resist compression
T or F
Keratins are an example of
microtubules
False, Keratins are an example of intermediate filaments
What are the three major types of cell junctions?
- Tight Junctions
- Desmosomes
- Gap Junctions
What are the roles of tight junctions?
- Hold neighbouring cells tightly
pressed together - Prevents movement of fluid
across cell layers
What are the benefits of gap junctions?
- Ions and small molecules can
pass from cell to cell - Allows rapid cell to cell
(intercellular) communication
How are cells joined together?
The extracellular matrix
What is the ECM composed of?
Material secreted from cells by constitutive exocytosis
What are most ECM proteins called?
Glycoproteins (protein with
added carbohydrates)
What is the most abundant ECM
glycoprotein?
Collagen
Which component of the cytoskeleton resists compression AND is involved in cell motility?
Microtubules
