Lecture 3 - Building blocks of cells

Question 1

What are the 4 higher order structures biological molecules can be organised into?

Answer 1

Building blocks, macromolecules, supramolecular assemblies and organelles

Question 1

Nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi and ER are all examples of which higher order structure?

Answer 1

Organelles

Question 2

Membranes, ribosomes and chromatin are all examples of which higher order structure?

Answer 2

Supramolecular assemblies

Question 3

Proteins, DNA, RNA, Complex carbohydrates and lipids are all examples of which higher order structure?

Answer 3

Macromolecules

Question 4

Amino acids, nucleobases, simple carbohydrates are all examples of which higher order structure?

Answer 4

Building blocks

Question 5

What are the four ‘levels’ of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides

Question 6

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 6

The single unit building blocks of carbohydrates

Question 7

What are three hexose monosaccharides?

Answer 7

Glucose, fructose and galatose

Question 8

What are two pentose monosaccharides?

Answer 8

Deoxyribose and ribose

Question 9

What are disaccharides?

Answer 9

Two monosaccharides joined together

Question 10

What are three disaccharides?

Answer 10

Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose), Lactose (Galactose + Glucose) and Maltose (Glucose + Glucose)

Question 11

What are oligosaccharides?

Answer 11

Several monosaccharides linked together (approx 3-10)

Question 12

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 12

Many monosaccharides linked together (10+)

Question 13

What are three functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Recognition, energy, structure

Question 14

What are carbohydrates constructed of?

Answer 14

Polysaccharide polymers

Question 15

What are nucleotide made of? (3 components)

Answer 15

Phosphate group, ribose sugar and base

Question 16

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 16

Informational molecules; DNA and RNA

Question 17

What are the common bases? (5)

Answer 17

Thymine: T
Adenine: A
Cytosine: C
Guanine: G
Uracil: U

Question 18

What are nucleic acids polymers of?

Answer 18

Nucleotides

Question 19

What are the differences in structure of RNA and DNA?

Answer 19

DNA - double stranded, sugar is deoxyribose, bases ATCG

RNA - single stranded, sugar is ribose, bases AUCG

Question 20

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 20

20

Question 21

How do amino acids differ?

Answer 21

Their side R group (side chain)

Question 22

What are proteins polymers of?

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

What are proteins?

Answer 23

Molecules by which cells perform their functions in the whole organism

Question 24

What are three characteristics of lipids?

Answer 24

NOT polymers, hydrophobic, hetergenous

Question 25

In what form are energy carbohydrates stored in animals and plants?

Answer 25

Starch - Plants
Glycogen - Animals

Question 26

List three functions of lipids

Answer 26

Structure, regulation, energy source

Question 27

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 27

Hydrogen carbon rings

Question 28

DNA contains which of the following?

(A) ribose sugar, phosphate group, thymine, uracil, guanine, cytosine.
(B) deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine.
(C) ribose sugar, phosphate group, thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine.
(D) deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, thymine, uracil, guanine, cytosine.

Answer 28

(B) deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine.

Question 29

Which one of the following are NOT related as a monomer-polymer pair?

(A) Amino acids and proteins.
(B) Glucose and starch.
(C) Nucleotides and DNA.
(D) Cholesterol and testosterone.

Answer 29

(D) Cholesterol and testosterone.