Lecture 6 - Cellular respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of cells do photosynthesis occur in?

A

Plant cells

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2
Q

Which type of cells do cellular respiration occur in?

A

Plants and animal cells

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3
Q

What are the four reasons why cells need energy?

A
  • Mechanical work
  • Making new materials
  • Transport
  • Maintaining order
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4
Q

What are two important compartments for respiration?

A

Matrix and inner membrane

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5
Q

What does this equation represent?
(Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP)

A

Conversion of chemical energy

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6
Q

T or F

The number of mitochondria is fixed in a cell

A

False, depends on energy
demand

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7
Q

What is the structure of mitochondria?

A
  • Two membranes (inner and outer)
  • Ribosomes
  • Cristae
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8
Q

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

A

Stage 1 - Glycolsis
Stage 2 - Pyruvate Oxidation & Citric Acid Cycle
Stage 3 - Oxidative Phosphorylation

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9
Q

Where does glycolsis occur?

A

In the cytosol

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10
Q

What does glycolsis do?

A

Sugar/glucose (6C) is converted into two pyruvate molecules.

6C -> 2 x 3C

This generates 2ATP and 2 NADH (high energy electrons)

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11
Q

Where does Pyruvate Oxidation & Citric Acid Cycle occur?

A

In the mitochondria matrix

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12
Q

What do Pyruvate Oxidation & Citric Acid Cycle do?

A
  • 2 pyruvate molecules (2 x 3C) are
    converted to 2 Acetyl CoA
    molecules.
  • 2 Acetyl CoA molecules
    enter the citric acid cycle
  • Output are ATP, NADH &
    FADH2
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13
Q

Where does Oxidative Phosphorylation occur?

A

In the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

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14
Q

What are the two parts of Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A
  • Electron transport (electrons from
    NADH and FADH2)
  • Chemiosmosis (ATP production)
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15
Q

How is a proton gradient generated in Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

As the electron carriers (NADP and FADH2) move, protons (H+) are pumped across the membrane into the inter-membrane space

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16
Q

Where is ATP synthase found?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

17
Q

What powers ATP synthase?

A

The proton gradient across the inner membrane

18
Q

What does ATP synthase do?

A

Converts ADP + Pi –> ATP

19
Q

What does ATP power?

A

Cellular activity

20
Q

Cellular respiration can BEST be described as:

(A) using energy released from breaking high-energy covalent bonds in organic molecules to make ATP.
(B) taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP.
(C) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, and using the energy released to make ATP.
(D) converting higher energy organic molecules to lower-energy organic molecules, and using the energy released to make ATP.

A

(C) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, and using the energy released to make ATP.

21
Q

Which one of the following statements concerning the mitochondria is INCORRECT?

(A) The number of mitochondria within a cell may change to meet energy demand.
(B) The mitochondrial intermembrane space has a low pH.
(C) Electron transport and chemiosmosis occur within the mitochondrial matrix.
(D) ATP synthase is present on the inner mitochondrial membrane.

A

(C) Electron transport and chemiosmosis occur within the mitochondrial matrix.

It instead occurs in the inner membrane

22
Q

Which one of the following statements BEST describes ATP?

(A) The molecule required to activate ATP synthase.
(B) A versatile energy transfer molecule within the cell.
(C) An electron carrier important for oxidative phosphorylation.
(D) The initial substrate in glycolysis.

A

(B) A versatile energy transfer molecule within the cell.

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes