Lecture 9 Prostate Cancer Flashcards
what kind of cancer affects the prostate?
adenocarcinoma
prostate cancer is more common and more aggressive in ____
blacks;
most important risk factor:
age (up to 50% of males > 80 have it)
what is used to screen for prostate cancer
PSA
what area of the prostate is usually affected?
posterior periphery
early symptoms of prostate cancer:
none (too far from urethra)
progressive symptoms:
increased frequency, nocturia, dysuria
where does advanced prostate cancer spread to?
bones (osteoblastic metastases)
advanced symptoms:
lower back (bone) pain
what does PSA do?
liquefies semen, increases sperm motility
what should you do next if there is an abnormal Digital rectal exam or PSA?
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
a PSA greater than ____ is worrisome
10
does fraction of free PSA increase or decrease in prostate cancer?
decrease (ie more bound)
next step after TRUS or if very abnormal PSA?
biopsy
most common sonographic characteristic of prostate cancer
hypo-echoic
