Lecture 10 The Kitchen Sink of Renal (Stones, UTI, Pyeloneph, RCC) Flashcards
UTI’s are more common in what gender?
why?
women;
short urethra plus close proximity to anus
what endocrine disorder has an increased risk of UTI? What hospital procedure?
diabetes;
indwelling catheter
are systemic signs (high fever, chills) typically present in cystitis? what about pyelonephritis?
no, yes
besides fever and chills, name three other symptoms of pyelonephritis
CVA tenderness, flank pain, vomiting/nausea
most common pathogen overall?
top 2 most common in sexually active women?
E. coli;
1. E. Coli, 2. Staph Saprophyticus
what bacterial infection is characterized by an ammonia scent
proteus
in men, what may perineal pain/lower back pain suggest?
prostatitis
most important diagnostic test in UTI, and most important finding
microscopic urinalysis;
greater than 5 WBC per HPF
in bacterial UTI, urine dipstick is often positive for _____. in gram negative organisms (E. coli), ___ is also positive
leukocyte esterase;
nitrites
gold standard for UTI testing is _____. what value indicates infection?
urine culture;
greater than 100,000 colony forming units (CFU/mL)
with vaginitis, there is dysuria but typically not ____ or urgency;
with urethritis, there is typically pyuria but not ____
frequency;
bacteria in urine
first line treatment for cystitis is nitrofurantoin and _____
TMX (bactrim) for 3-5 days
for pyelonephritis, typically ____ is used for mild disease, and _____ or piperacillin-tazobactam is used in severe disease
cipro or levofloxacin;
ceftriaxone
for 10-14 days
renal abscess usually arise from extension of ____. perinephric abscesses occupy the space between the renal capsule and ______
pyelonephritis;
gerota’s fascia
what is the most common type of kidney stone? what does it look like?
calcium oxalate; envelope or dumbbell
