Lecture 6 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Question 1

Kidney failure is described in Rapid Review (RR) as a GFR less than ___ mL/min

Answer 1

10

notes say 15

Question 2

are patients with CKD more likely to die of cardiovascular disease or renal failure?

Answer 2

cardiovascular disease

Question 3

2 most common causes of CKD?

Answer 3

Diabetes mellitus, HTN

others = those with congenital disease, family history, chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 4

tests for CKD should include both a urine test for ___ and a blood test for ___ to estimate ____

Answer 4

proteinuria, Creatinine, GFR

Question 5

____ is associated with more rapid progression of CKD and a greater likelihood of developing renal failure

Answer 5

proteinuria

Question 6

____ in kidney size suggests renovascular disease. ____ kidneys suggest irreversible disease

Answer 6

asymmetry, small

Question 7

pneumonic for consequences of renal failure:

Answer 7

MAD HUNGER

Question 8

MAD HUNGER:
M = 
A = 
D = 
H = 
U =

Answer 8

Metabolic Acidosis;
dyslipidemia;
hyperkalemia;
uremia

Question 9

MAD HUNGER:
N=
G=
E=
R=

Answer 9

Na/H2O retention
growth retardation;
EPO failure–> anemia
Renal osteodystrophy

Question 10

renal osteodystrophy is characterized by what 3 conditions?

Answer 10

osteitis fibrosis cystica, osteoporosis, osteomalacia.

Question 11

failure of vitamin D ___ in the ____ leads to decreased Ca2+. a decrease in Ca causes an increase in ____

Answer 11

hydroxylation PCT;

PTH

Question 12

an increase in PTH cause ____ of calcium in the bone, leading to _____ destruction

Answer 12

resorption, cystic

Question 13

hyperphosphatemia causes hypocalcemia by what mechanism?

Answer 13

binds Ca, lowering free Ca

Question 14

_____ is due to metabolic acidos, from excess buffering of ___ by bone

Answer 14

osteoporosis, H+

Question 15

osteomalacia is due to ____ ____ of osteoid

Answer 15

decreased mineralization

Question 16

in addition to bone problems, renal osteodystrophy can casuse ____ calcification

Answer 16

vascular

Question 17

an elevated ____ level is an important risk factor for the developnment of vascular calcification. thus, ____ binders are current lead methods of management

Answer 17

phosphate;

phosphorus

Question 18

____ based phosphorus binders are typically used

Answer 18

calcium

Question 19

____ is a trivalent cation ion with a high affinity for phosphorus. calcium ___ is the most effective phosphate binder of the calcium salts

Answer 19

lanthanum, acetate

Question 20

anemia is due to ____ deficiency

Answer 20

EPO

Question 21

repeated administration of darbepoetin or _____ is used to maintain higher Hb values

Answer 21

epoetin

Question 22

what substance is used in hemodialysis to pull waste from the blood?

Answer 22

dialysate