Lecture 3 Kalemias

Question 1

which kinds of diuretics cause hypokalemia?

Answer 1

loop, thiazide

Question 2

is most of the body’s K+ intracellular or extracellular?

Answer 2

intra (98%)

Question 3

K+ leaves the cell when ___ or ___ enters it.

Answer 3

H+ (ie acidosis), Na+ (ie hyperosmolarity)

Question 4

alkalosis causes a shift of K ___ the cell and thus causes ____kalemia

Answer 4

into;

hypo

Question 5

Beta blockers and digoxin inhibit the ____ pump, causing ____kalemia

Answer 5

Na-K;

hyper

Question 6

____ and ___ agonists cause an increase in Na-K pump, causing hypokalemia

Answer 6

insulin, beta

Question 7

besides diuretics, what are 2 other common causes of hypokalemia?

Answer 7

vomiting, diarrhea

Question 8

vomiting causes ___ depletion, which increases ____ secretion and increases urine K. it also causes an increase in serum ____, which when delivered to the Distal tubule, causes a loss of K.

Answer 8

volume, aldosterone;

HCO3

Question 9

hyperaldosteronism causes ___kalemia.

hypoaldosteronism causes___kalemia

Answer 9

hypo, hyper

Question 10

which renal tubular acidosis cause hypokalemia?

Answer 10

Type 1 distal;

type 2 proximal

Question 11

symptoms of hypokalemia:

___ waves on ECG, ____ T waves, arrhythmias, ____ intolerance, muscle ____ and spasmsm ____magnesemia

Answer 11

U, flattened;
glucose, cramps;
hypo

Question 12

Which RTA (s) show hyperkalemia?

Answer 12

type 4

Question 13

lysis of cells (tumor lysis, crush injury, rhabdomyolysis) causes ____kalemia

Answer 13

hyper

Question 14

Which diuretic types cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 14

potassium sparing

Question 15

almost all patients with hyperkalemia have significant ___ disease

Answer 15

renal

Question 16

Urinary potassium is the result of ____ potassium loss

Answer 16

distal tubule

Question 17

high blood ____ causes hyperkalemia

Answer 17

sugar

Question 18

hyperkalemia symptoms: ____ QRS with ___ T waves on ECQ, arrhythmias

Answer 18

wide, tall peaked

Question 19

hyperkalemia symptoms:

muscle ____, paralysis, metabolic _____

Answer 19

weakness, acidosis

Question 20

the muscle weakness in hyperkalemia is described as ____

Answer 20

ascending

Question 21

____ can be used to bind K and cause excretion of it in the stool.

Answer 21

patiromir e.g. treats hyperkalemia