lecture 9 - photosynthesis

Question 1

Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell?

Answer 1

Chloroplast

Question 2

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

6CO2 + 6H2O -> (plant,light) C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 3

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

Answer 3

6 Carbon dioxide, 6 water

Question 4

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 4

1 glucose, 6 oxygen

Question 5

How many membranes do chloroplasts have?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

What are the three membranes of a chloroplast?

Answer 6

Outer, inner, thylakoid

Question 7

What are the three compartments of a chloroplast?

Answer 7

Inter membrane space, stroma, thylakoid space.

Question 8

Where are chlorophyll/other pigments contained in a chloroplast?

Answer 8

In the thylakoid

Question 9

What is a key structural feature of the thylakoid?

Answer 9

It contains a highly folded thylakoid membrane

Question 10

What is the goal of the light reaction?

Answer 10

To capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy. (ATP)

Question 11

What are the key components in the membrane involved in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 11

Photosystem II, cytochrome complex, Photosystem II, enzymes (NADPH reductase), ATP synthase

Question 12

Where do the electrons in the photosynthetic electron transport chain come from?

Answer 12

The splitting of water molecules, which produces oxygen, H+ ions and electrons

Question 13

What is the equation for the splitting of water in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 13

H2O is converted to 1/2O2 and 2H+ and 2e-

Question 14

What occurs at Photosystem II in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 14

A pigment (chlorophyll) absorbs light energy, releasing high energy electrons which chemical energy.

Question 15

How many electrons enter/exit photosystems in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What occurs at the cytochrome complex?

Answer 16

High energy electrons lose energy by transferring it to allow H+ to move against its concentration gradient, across the thylakoid membrane into the thylakoid space.

Question 17

What occurs at Photosystem I in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 17

Electrons that have lost energy at the cytochrome complex are re-energised by light energy, via chlorophyll pigment absorption.

Question 18

Where do high energy electrons go to after they leave Photosystem I in photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 18

To enzymes in the cell membrane that add them to carrying molecules - NADP+ - forming NADPH

Question 19

Where is NADPH formed in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 19

At enzymes in the membrane that accept high energy electrons

Question 20

What occurs at ATP synthase in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 20

H+ move down their concentration gradient (energy-less) from thylakoid space to stroma, facilitating the formation of ATP from ADP + P.

Question 21

What is produced in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 21

6O2 as well as ATP and NADPH

Question 22

What is the reactant that is used up in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Answer 22

6H2O

Question 23

What products of the photosynthetic electron transport chain are used by the Calvin cycle?

Answer 23

NADPH and ATP

Question 24

What photosynthesis reactant is reacted in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 24

6CO2

Question 25

What is the other name for the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 25

Carbon fixation

Question 26

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Answer 26

The stroma of a chloroplast

Question 27

Where does the photosynthetic electron transport chain take place?

Answer 27

The thylakoid membrane

Question 28

What are the 3 steps of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 28

Fixation, Reduction,Regeneration

Question 29

What is the reactant used in the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 29

3CO2

Question 30

What is the process of fixation in the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 30

A 5 carbon molecule combines with CO2 to form 2 3 carbon molecules.

Question 31

What is the process of reduction in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 31

A 3 carbon molecule is converted into a different 3 carbon molecule. Energy is used up - 6ATP converted to ADP. 6 NADPH to 6NADP+

Question 32

How much ATP is used up in the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 32

6ATP

Question 33

How much NADPH is converted in the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 33

6NADPH

Question 34

How much ATP is used up in the regeneration phase of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 34

3ATP

Question 35

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce Glucose?

Answer 35

3

Question 36

What is glucose formed from in the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 36

3-carbon sugars

Question 37

What is the photosynthesis reactant and product of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 37

6CO2 and C6H12O6 (glucose)

Question 38

What protein is ATP generated in, in both animal and plant cells?

Answer 38

ATP synthase

Question 39

Where is ATP synthase in an animal cell?

Answer 39

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 40

Where does ATP synthase sit in plant cells?

Answer 40

The thylakoid membrane

Question 41

What is the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Answer 41

They originated as prokaryotes with aerobic or photosynthetic functions, and were engulfed by eukaryotes until they became essential for cell function, forming chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 42

What is a stack of thylakoids?

Answer 42

A granum (plural grana)

Question 43

What is the size of a chloroplast?

Answer 43

5-7µm

Question 44

Where is NADP+ formed into NADPH and what type of chemical process is it?

Answer 44

Reduction (electron gain) occurs at NADP+ reductase

Question 45

Where are protons pumped from and to in photosynthesis?

Answer 45

From stroma into the thylakoid space via the thylakoid membrane