lecture 11 - DNA structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are Chargraff’s rules?

A

[A]=[T] and [G]=[C] and that the composition of DNA and base concentrations varies between species

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2
Q

What are the two types of DNA/RNA bases?

A

Purine and pyrimidine

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3
Q

What are the pyrimidine bases?

A

Cytosine, Thymine

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4
Q

What are the purine bases?

A

Adenine, guanine

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5
Q

How many ‘rings’ do purine bases have?

A

2

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6
Q

How many ‘rings’ do pyrimidine bases have?

A

1

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7
Q

What is the name of the bonds between sugar and phosphate groups in the DNA backbone?

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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8
Q

What are the names for a long strand of repeating nucleotides?

A

Polynucleotide, nucleic acid

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9
Q

What carbon is the bonding hydroxyl group of a nucleotide attached to?

A

3’

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10
Q

What carbon is the phosphate group of a nucleotide attached to?

A

5’

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11
Q

What needs to happen to the phosphate group of a nucleotide before phosphodiester bonds can be formed?

A

The 3 phosphate group of the nucleotide is cleaved by an enzyme, leaving 1 phosphate group that can then bond to a 3’ hydroxyl group

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12
Q

What direction do nucleotides form a chain?

A

5’ to 3’ - 5’ phosphate build onto the end at a 3’ hydroxyl group.

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13
Q

How many hydrogen bonds exist between the A and T base pair?

A

2

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14
Q

How many hydrogen bonds exist between the G and C base pairs?

A

3

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