Lecture #9: Lateral Gene Transfer

Question 1

LO #1: differentiate linear inheritance from lateral gene transfer

Answer 1

linear inheritance: the passing of traits to from parent to offspring

lateral gene transfer: DNA (traits) being passed regardless of their genetic history

Question 2

LO #2: explain how the LGT affects our inference of phylogeny

Answer 2

b/c traits are being passed regardless of their genetic history, means that we don’t know if we truly know if the relationships we see and real or not

Question 3

LO #3: identify the mechanisms of LGT affects in A and B

Answer 3

1. conjugation (like sex but not)
2. transformation (bursting)
3. transduction (w/ viruses)

Question 4

LO #4.1: Identify the steps in the formation of biofilms (1-6)

Answer 4

1. free swimming B/A bind to a surface
2. secret extracellular polymers (creating biofilm)
3. division continues
4. signal molecules to attract the same species
5. division and formation of matrix
6. mature: creates new signals to attract a great diversity of microbes

Question 5

LO #4.2: distinguish b/w intra- and interspecific recruitment

Answer 5

intraspecific: individual signal cells (hello is anyone out there that is like me?) get enough to express new traits
interspecific: more universal message out there to get a whole new set of genes to be turned on

Question 6

LO #5.1: define quorum sensing

Answer 6

how B + A communicate with each other with chemical signals (when there’s enough, group behavior genes are activated)

Question 7

LO #5.2: label a diagram that shows intraspecifc and interspecific recruitment, and the expression of group behavior genes

Answer 7

look at a diagram

Question 8

passing traits from parent to offspring

Answer 8

heredity

Question 9

heredity

Answer 9

linear and or vertical inheritance

Question 10

DNA passing regardless of their genetic history; exchange of DNA across lineages

Answer 10

lateral or horizontal gene transfer

Question 11

B + A can directly exchange parts of their genomes (sex but not really)

Answer 11

conjugation

Question 12

a small, circular chromosome distinct from the main chromosome of a bacteria

Answer 12

plasmid

Question 13

B + A can pick DNA from the environment (cell bursting)

Answer 13

transformation

Question 14

viruses can transmit DNA b/w hosts (viruses can swap little pieces of DNA)

Answer 14

transduction

Question 15

LGT is _____! so dw! (only small bits)

Answer 15

limited