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BIS 2C Fall-2019 > Lecture #8: Bacteria and Archaea > Flashcards

Lecture #8: Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards

1
Q

LO #1: Contrast the metabolic capabilities of B + A w/ E

A

B + A are more diverse in how they obtain nutrition. E are metabolically limited

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2
Q

LO #2: given essential metabolic info, identify the level of trophy of an organism

A
  1. energy source
  2. electron donor
  3. carbon source
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3
Q

LO #2.1: energy source: 1. ___ or 2. ______ ___?

electron donor: 3. ______ (CH4) or 4. _______ (H2S)?

carbon source: things that are 5. ____ or fixed by the 6. ______

A
  1. sun
  2. chemical bonds
  3. organic
  4. inorganic
  5. eaten
  6. atmosphere
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4
Q

photo-

A

sun

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5
Q

chemo-

A

chemical bonds

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6
Q

-organo-

A

organic

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7
Q

-litho-

A

inorganic

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8
Q

-hetero-

A

organic

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9
Q

-auto-

A

CO2

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10
Q

LO #3: contrast the use and tolerance of oxygen in microbes

A
  1. aerobes - need O2
  2. anaerobes vary
  3. 1 obligate < aerotolerant < facultative
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11
Q

LO #4: identify key morphological and ecological differences b/w A and B

A

B:

  1. multicellularity
  2. N fixation
  3. peptidoglycan

A:

  1. no peptidoglycan
  2. extremeophiles
  3. ether linkages
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12
Q

LO #5: Distinguish cell membrane lipid structure in B and A

A

B: phospholipid bilayer and ester linkages

A: phospholipid monolayer and ether linkages

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13
Q

LO #6: describe the mechanism by which penicillin interacts with gram+ bacteria

A

Since bacteria needs to continuously rebuild their cell walls it means that is has weak moments. During cell wall formation, the cross linkages to connect the peptidoglycan to each other can be disturbed with penicillin which blocks its formation

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14
Q

LO #7.1: be familiar with the main groups of B

A

B:

  1. Spirochetes
  2. Chlamydias
  3. Low G-C Gram Positives (Firmicutes)
  4. Cyanobacteria
  5. Proteobacteria
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15
Q

LO #7.2: be familiar w/ the main groups of A

A

A:

  1. extreme halophiles
  2. Crenarchaeota
  3. Deinococcus radiodurans
  4. Euryarchaeota: Methanogens
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16
Q

require O2

A

aerobes

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17
Q

vary in their tolerance and the use of O2

A

anaerobes

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18
Q

O2 is toxic

A

obligate anaerobes

19
Q

can’t use O2. but aren’t damaged to it

A

aerotolerant anaerobes

20
Q

don’t need O2, but will when available

A

facultative anaerobes

21
Q

bacterial bio

  1. ____
  2. ________
  3. _________
A
  1. size
  2. movement
  3. multicellularity
22
Q

most feed singly as individuals, but some swarm to form multicellular fruiting bodies

A

multicellularity

23
Q

Stigmatella

A

ex of multicellularity

24
Q

some cyanobacteria are able to fix atmo N

A

N fixation

25
Q

bacteria have __________ as part of their cell walls

A

peptidoglycan

26
Q

thick layer on the outside (bread, thick layer of PB) ((peptidoglycan) (((stains)))

A

Gram-positive bacteria

27
Q

thin layer (bread, thin spread of PB, bread) ((peptidoglycan)) (((doesn’t stain)))

A

gram-negative bacteria

28
Q

gram-negative
axial filaments
many are pathogens

A

Spirochetes

29
Q

how they move and cut into cells w/out popping them

A

axial filaments

30
Q

gram-negative
extremely small
live only as intracellular parasites

A

Chlamydias

31
Q

ex of Chlamydias

A
  1. pneumonia

2. multiple sexually transmitted diseases

32
Q
  1. low G+C/A+T ratio in DNA

2. some produce endospores that germinate when conditions are good

A

Low G-C Gram positives/Firmicutes

33
Q

ex of firmicutes

A
  1. anthrax
  2. MRSA
  3. Streptococcus
  4. tentaus
34
Q
  1. photolithoautotrophic
  2. many can fix N
  3. contain internal membrane system for photosynthesis
  4. chloroplasts are derived fr. endosymbiotic cyanobacteria
A

cyanobacteria

35
Q
  1. gram-negative
  2. Eschericha coli
  3. includes many human and animal pathogens
A

proteobacteria

36
Q

ex of proteobacteria

A
  1. plague
  2. cholera
  3. typhoid
37
Q

B and E have 1. _________ _____ while A has 2. _________ ______

A
  1. phospholipid bilayer

2. phospholipid monolayer

38
Q

B and E have 1. ____ linkages while A has 2. _____ linkages

A
  1. ester

2. ether

39
Q

often associated with extreme environments

A

extremeophiles

40
Q

monophyletic; evolved only once

that place in SF

A

extreme halophiles

41
Q

boiling acid, low pH, thermophilic and acidiophilic

A

Crenarchaeota

42
Q

elephant poo; can resist radiation, UV, chemicals, vacuum

A

Deinococcus radiodurans

43
Q

lives in rumens, bad smell, produces methane

A

Euryarchaeota: methanogens

BIS 2C Fall-2019 (11 decks)

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