Lecture #8: Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

LO #1: Contrast the metabolic capabilities of B + A w/ E

Answer 1

B + A are more diverse in how they obtain nutrition. E are metabolically limited

Question 2

LO #2: given essential metabolic info, identify the level of trophy of an organism

Answer 2

1. energy source
2. electron donor
3. carbon source

Question 3

LO #2.1: energy source: 1. ___ or 2. ______ ___?

electron donor: 3. ______ (CH4) or 4. _______ (H2S)?

carbon source: things that are 5. ____ or fixed by the 6. ______

Answer 3

1. sun
2. chemical bonds
3. organic
4. inorganic
5. eaten
6. atmosphere

Question 4

photo-

Answer 4

sun

Question 5

chemo-

Answer 5

chemical bonds

Question 6

-organo-

Answer 6

organic

Question 7

-litho-

Answer 7

inorganic

Question 8

-hetero-

Answer 8

organic

Question 9

-auto-

Answer 9

CO2

Question 10

LO #3: contrast the use and tolerance of oxygen in microbes

Answer 10

1. aerobes - need O2
2. anaerobes vary
3. 1 obligate < aerotolerant < facultative

Question 11

LO #4: identify key morphological and ecological differences b/w A and B

Answer 11

B:

1. multicellularity
2. N fixation
3. peptidoglycan

A:

1. no peptidoglycan
2. extremeophiles
3. ether linkages

Question 12

LO #5: Distinguish cell membrane lipid structure in B and A

Answer 12

B: phospholipid bilayer and ester linkages

A: phospholipid monolayer and ether linkages

Question 13

LO #6: describe the mechanism by which penicillin interacts with gram+ bacteria

Answer 13

Since bacteria needs to continuously rebuild their cell walls it means that is has weak moments. During cell wall formation, the cross linkages to connect the peptidoglycan to each other can be disturbed with penicillin which blocks its formation

Question 14

LO #7.1: be familiar with the main groups of B

Answer 14

B:

1. Spirochetes
2. Chlamydias
3. Low G-C Gram Positives (Firmicutes)
4. Cyanobacteria
5. Proteobacteria

Question 15

LO #7.2: be familiar w/ the main groups of A

Answer 15

A:

1. extreme halophiles
2. Crenarchaeota
3. Deinococcus radiodurans
4. Euryarchaeota: Methanogens

Question 16

require O2

Answer 16

aerobes

Question 17

vary in their tolerance and the use of O2

Answer 17

anaerobes

Question 18

O2 is toxic

Answer 18

obligate anaerobes

Question 19

can’t use O2. but aren’t damaged to it

Answer 19

aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 20

don’t need O2, but will when available

Answer 20

facultative anaerobes

Question 21

bacterial bio

1. ____
2. ________
3. _________

Answer 21

1. size
2. movement
3. multicellularity

Question 22

most feed singly as individuals, but some swarm to form multicellular fruiting bodies

Answer 22

multicellularity

Question 23

Stigmatella

Answer 23

ex of multicellularity

Question 24

some cyanobacteria are able to fix atmo N

Answer 24

N fixation

Question 25

bacteria have __________ as part of their cell walls

Answer 25

peptidoglycan

Question 26

thick layer on the outside (bread, thick layer of PB) ((peptidoglycan) (((stains)))

Answer 26

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 27

thin layer (bread, thin spread of PB, bread) ((peptidoglycan)) (((doesn't stain)))

Answer 27

gram-negative bacteria

Question 28

gram-negative axial filaments many are pathogens

Answer 28

Spirochetes

Question 29

how they move and cut into cells w/out popping them

Answer 29

axial filaments

Question 30

gram-negative extremely small live only as intracellular parasites

Answer 30

Chlamydias

Question 31

ex of Chlamydias

Answer 31

1. pneumonia | 2. multiple sexually transmitted diseases

Question 32

1. low G+C/A+T ratio in DNA | 2. some produce endospores that germinate when conditions are good

Answer 32

Low G-C Gram positives/Firmicutes

Question 33

ex of firmicutes

Answer 33

1. anthrax 2. MRSA 3. Streptococcus 4. tentaus

Question 34

1. photolithoautotrophic 2. many can fix N 3. contain internal membrane system for photosynthesis 4. chloroplasts are derived fr. endosymbiotic cyanobacteria

Answer 34

cyanobacteria

Question 35

1. gram-negative 2. Eschericha coli 3. includes many human and animal pathogens

Answer 35

proteobacteria

Question 36

ex of proteobacteria

Answer 36

1. plague 2. cholera 3. typhoid

Question 37

B and E have 1. _________ _____ while A has 2. _________ ______

Answer 37

1. phospholipid bilayer | 2. phospholipid monolayer

Question 38

B and E have 1. ____ linkages while A has 2. _____ linkages

Answer 38

1. ester | 2. ether

Question 39

often associated with extreme environments

Answer 39

extremeophiles

Question 40

monophyletic; evolved only once | that place in SF

Answer 40

extreme halophiles

Question 41

boiling acid, low pH, thermophilic and acidiophilic

Answer 41

Crenarchaeota

Question 42

elephant poo; can resist radiation, UV, chemicals, vacuum

Answer 42

Deinococcus radiodurans

Question 43

lives in rumens, bad smell, produces methane

Answer 43

Euryarchaeota: methanogens