Lecture 9 - Information Processing Flashcards
1
Q
What is a common analogy used for info processing?
A
- the computer analogy
- encoding - initial input of info
- storage - info saved for future use, stored in LTM
- retrieval - recovery of stored info
2
Q
Informational processing
A
- environmental input processed by series of cognitive operations which transform info
- IE: attention, perception, working mem, long term mem
3
Q
What are the limitations of the computer analogy?
A
- limited by processing speed
- can only do so many things before become overloaded
- computers can be updated, humans can also do this by problem solving
4
Q
Problem solving
A
attaining a goal by using a strategy to overcome an obstacle
5
Q
Cognitive flexibility
A
- ability to shifting attention and thoughts quickly
- association w/ myelination and dev of prefrontal cortex
6
Q
Constructivist approach of IP
A
- dev is continuous
- constructivist
- change is gradual and accumulates over time
- domain specific - changes in one domain of thought does not mean that there is a change in any other areas
7
Q
What is the Modal Model of Memory?
A
- consists of 3 key structures
- sensory memory
- working memory
- long-term memory
8
Q
Sensory memory
A
- info received via 5 senses
- no meaning attached to info
- usually forgotten
- iconic memory - visual input
- echoic memory - auditory input
9
Q
Working memory
A
- actively thinking or making sense of info
- info from sensory and LTM are integrated
- new knowledge being integrated w/ old info
- limited in children
- tested via digit span test
10
Q
Long-term memory
A
- info is stored permanently, totality of knowledge
- infinite capacity
- adults have larger LTM than children
11
Q
Semantic memory
A
- type of LTM
- concepts, facts, ideas and beliefs
- increases across lifespan
12
Q
Episodic memory
A
- temporal, has a time component
- recollection of specific events, situations, and experiences
- improves during childhood, decreases as you get older
13
Q
Autobiographical memory
A
- episodic memory
- explicit memories of events that took place in your personal past
14
Q
Infantile amnesia
A
- inability of most adults to remember life before age of 3
- rapid dev of brain might cause autobiographical mems to be removed
- mems are stored in a nonverbal way and arent able to be recovered by language dev adults
15
Q
Encoding
A
- ## representation in memory of specific features of objs and events
16
Q
Automatization
A
- degree to which activity requires attention
- automatic - requires relatively little attention, automatically encoding
- effortful/controlled - requires relatively large amounts of attention/deliberate thought
17
Q
Rehearsal
A
- strategies of memory retention
- maintenance - items are cycles through WM by repeating them over and over, no transfer to LTM
- relational - thinking about connections btwn items and/or previous knowledge, transfer to LTM
18
Q
What ages do children start practicing rehearsal?
A
- age 9 and above
- realize memory is limited and will enact strategies
19
Q
Processing speed
A
- ability to automatically and fluently perform cog tasks
- influences by myelination and connectivity btwn brain regions
20
Q
Executive Functioning
A
- cognitive control over areas of the brain
- plan, focus, attention, remember instructions, and juggling multiple tasks successfully
- controlled by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe)
21
Q
Selective attention
A
- develops btwn 5-8 y.o.
- ability to strategically focus on info most relevant to current goal
- Attention getting stimuli quickly get and lose your attention
- Attention holding stimuli keep your attention over time
22
Q
Divided Attention
A
- simultaneously maintaining cog focus on more than one thing
- less efficient than focusing on one task
23
Q
Switch cost
A
lag when you’re switching between objects
