Lecture 9 - Hunting Associations Part 1

Question 1

Analytic epidemiology

What is it?

Answer 1

Is the exposure associated with the outcome?

Does the exposure increase or decrease the likelihood of outcome?

In this, we seek to quantify the degree to which an exposure increases/decreases the likelihood of the outcome

Question 2

How do we find associations?

Answer 2

1. Through analytic study designs
   - cross-sectional and ecological
   - cohort
   - case controls
   - randomised controlled trials
2. Fundamental characteristic and logic of analytic study designs can be described using PECOT and GATE

Question 3

What does PECOT stand for?

Answer 3

Population - the group of people in the study

Exposure - what the potential determinants are

Comparison - what the potential determinant is being compared to

Outcome - the health outcome being assessed

Time - how long people being followed-up

Question 4

What goes the GATE frame look like?

Answer 4

Triangle, circle and square

Question 5

What’s the difference between source and sample?

Answer 5

Source = population the sample is recruited from

Sample = population included in your study

Question 6

Give the measure of association you did in this lecture

Answer 6

Relative Risk

Question 7

What is relative risk and what is the formula and what is the null value?

Answer 7

Ratio of incidences (can be either cumulative or incidence rate)

I (exposed) / I (comparison)

Null value = 1 (no association)