Lecture 9. Cyberloafing Flashcards
What are bad and/or good reasons to cyberloaf?
- Retaliation - justice thing (bad reason why people cyberloaf)
- Procrastination - people want fun things to do (bad reason to cyberloaf)
- Self control failure
- Recreation and pleasure - fighting boredom (good reason to cyberloaf)
What are the differences between cyberloafing, cyberslacking and cyberprocastination?
cyberloafing is deviant workplace behavior = strong normative perspective.
cyberslacking is in the box of cyberloafing = using access to the internet as relieve/revanche because your work is boring.
cyberprocastination is more general term. Delaying taks, feeling guilty
What can you say about the prevalence of cyberloafing?
It is very high. You can make a distinguishment between serious and non serious.
- non serious is more prevalent, done by many people because it is still normative behavior
- serious is done by not so many people, it is anti-normative behavior.
What can you tell about norms and locals of control?
If you engage in cyberloaf is also determine by norms and locals of control.
Norms are the perceived norms of the company. What do other do? Do they cyberloaf etc. It predicts the non-serious cyberloaf.
Locals of control means that what you do that it is determine by others/external forces./ It predicts serious cyberloafing.
What does “perceived seriousness and prevalence cyberloaf are correlated” means?
That if something is seen as not serious, then people will engage more in cyberloafing and will thus been more prevalent.
If something is seen as serious then it will not be so prevalent, people will not engage in this.
Why is cyberloafing a problem?
- employees productivity levels are being impaired
- personal use increases vulnerability of network to malware and viruses
- waste of working time.
Lim (2001) investigated the reason why people cyberloaf in terms of justification. What was the theoretical framework and what were the results?
measured variables were; social exchange, organization justice, neutralization.
The lower the justice, the higher the metaphor of ledger. You need revanche
What were the three forms of justice investigated by lim 2001?
- procedural justice
- interactional justice
- distributive justice
Lloyd et. al (2011) and Restuborg et. al (2011) found another reason why people cyberloaf, self-control. Was there a correlation with justice (which one/two)? And what can you tell about this research?
Justice was moderated by people’s self control. The effect was found for procedural and interactional justice.
- if you are low on self control: they will cyberloaf anyways because they can not control their habits.
- if you are high on self-control then it depends on the procedural justice. If this is high than they won’t cyberloaf, if it is low then they will.
What is procrastination?
- Postponing work
- attempt to display readiness to work
Why do we procrastinate?
- task aversive (main reason) = it is not so pleasurable
2. fear for failure –> perfectionist
Wagner et. al 2014 investigate self-control failure. They said that it not only a state but also personality trait. Explain
If you do not have the resources to control yourself, then you are lost. If you have a bad night of sleep it is harder to focus at work.
They found that if people were interrupted in their sleep, they will cyberloaf more.
If you are high on conscientiousness and you had a bad night; you will not engage that much in cyberloaf because you have a buffer.
if you are low on conscientiousness and you had a bad night; you will cyberloaf even more (almost double)
What could be a positive effect of procrastination?
- off activity helps to recreate self-control capacity and general exhaustion
- may inspire creativity, productivity
