Lecture 3. Social capital

Question 1

What is the Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000)?

Answer 1

there are three human needs that people need to fulfill for their wellbeing (1) sense of belonging, (2) mastey in things you are doing, (3) autonomy/independence.
Moral panics around social relationship; people have the inherence feeling that they need to belong to a group.

Question 2

What are the negative effects of social isolation?

Answer 2

Cognitive decrements
Fatigue
Feelings of physical pain

Question 3

What is social capital?

Answer 3

social capital = the financial/ social wealth you have. This definition claims that your resources are available through your network. The richer your network, the richer your capital is.

Question 4

What do we mean with that social capital is multidimensional?

Answer 4

when we talk about social capital, we can approach this issue from three different angles.
1. Sociological -Dealing with social ties and community
2. Financial- Regarding resource allocation and access
concern with financial/economic
3. Psychological
- Involving dynamics of trust and interpersonal relationships
how it affects the individual, how the quality affects the individual, how the relationships are formed.

Question 5

social capital can translate to power and wealth. Name some examples

Answer 5

• Information - how to deal with situations
• Social support (advice, financial or other types of help) - advise financial, getting comfort (emotional support)
• Reciprocity (mutual aid) - we help each other in a mutual way.
• Collective action (solve collective problems, protest) - coherent, if you have a goal you can initiate a collective action
• Identity and solidarity, empowerment

Question 6

What kind of ties do you have? And what kind of types are there?

Answer 6

• bonding social capital - strong ties

- bridging social capital - weak ties

Question 7

Name 3 characteristics of bonding social capital:

Answer 7

1. Strong ties
2. Close personal relationships, e.g. family and friends
3. Homogeneous network in terms of attitudes
4. Limited size
5. Takes time and energy to maintain
6. Emotional support
7. Access to scarce or limited resources
8. Ability to mobilize solidarity
9. Out-group antagonism

Question 8

Name 3 characteristic of bridging social capital:

Answer 8

1. Weak ties
2. Heterogeneous groups, broad range of people, connect different clusters of people
3. Meeting new people
4. Part of a broad group, community
5. Diffuse reciprocity
6. Communicate new information, diverse perspective
7. Just being in the same space
8. Outward looking
9. “the strength of weak ties” (Granovetter, 1973)

Question 9

What is the effect of SNS on maintaining relationships?

Answer 9

• Relationships not only provide resources but also require maintenance (investment of time and energy)
• Social network sites (SNSs) lower the costs of communicating with the social network and maintaining weaker ties
• SNS use may have social capital implications

Question 10

What was the result of Ellison, Vitak, Gray & Lampe, 2014 on Interaction between number of actual friends and FRMB on Bridging social capital?

Answer 10

People with the lowest number of friends on Facebook have the most positive effects of the FRMB (Facebook relationship maintaince

Question 11

What were the main findings from Ellison et al 2010, Social capital implications of FB communication practices?

Answer 11

• Year; the more number of years in school, the less number of bridging of social capital reported on Facebook- educated people do not use facebook or bridging
• Higher self-esteem is higher/larger bridging social capital.
• Actual friends on facebook; the number of actual friends and the perceived bridging social capital, until a certain point it means something the actual friends on facebook, after this point so when they have more friends, this means not anymore. It has no effect to contribute to bridging social capital

Question 12

What was the conclusion of the paper Ellison et al 2010, Social capital implications of FB communication practices?

Answer 12

The conclusion of the paper is that the Facebook do not perceived social capital.

Question 13

What is self-disclosure?

Answer 13

in contradict with withdrawal, we talk about self- disclosure: showing your TRUE-self. You share something meaningful, personal information. We have the willingness to share this information with each other. We do this consciously (intentionally process).

Question 14

What are the three dimensions of self-disclosure?

Answer 14

1. Breadth
2. Duration
3. Depth

Question 15

What is the difference between self-presentation and self-disclosure?

Answer 15

Self-presentation: Impression formation with the aim of giving a positive impression
Self-disclosure: sharing something about the true self - it is not about impressing the other, but to create stronger ties.

Question 16

What are the functions of self-disclosures?

Answer 16

1. Self-expression
2. Social validation & identity clarification
3. Relational development

Question 17

What are the risk of self-disclosure?

Answer 17

• Rejection of social support
• Vulnerability
• Misuse of information
• Embarrassment, bullying, ostracization, stigmatization
• Loss of control

Question 18

What are the benefits of self-disclosure?

Answer 18

• closeness to friends in general
• online friendship formation
• greater perceived support
• trust, understanding, and commitment across a variety of cultures
• offline self-disclosure

Question 19

What is the privacy paradox (barnes, 2006)

Answer 19

Tension between privacy and self-disclosure. We want to be private but we are also very eager to share lots of things. Now cybersecurity is a big topic; a lot of platforms are wanting us to just agree privacy agreements. SO people are concerned about their online privacy yet they are eagerly self-disclose online.