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INHS > Lecture 9 - Commissions > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Commissions Flashcards

1
Q

Recognizing that there are systemic, historical and structural reasons for the lower socio-economic and health status of Indigenous populations, numerous commissions have been created to gather evidence and formulate solutions, including the

A

the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP), the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) Commission.

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2
Q

Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP)

A
  • Commission appointed in 1991
  • Final report 1996
  • 5 volumes and over 4000 pages
  • 19 recommendations
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3
Q

The RCAP commission held “178 days of_____________, visited 96 ___________, consulted dozens of ______, commissioned scores of research studies, and reviewed numerous past inquiries and reports

A

public hearings; communities ; experts

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4
Q

The strategy to move towards self-determinations includes;

A

Mutual recognition
Mutual respect
Mutual sharing (knowledge, land, resources, etc)
Mutual responsibility (to take care of the land)

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5
Q

RCAP concluded that the relationship developed over the last 400 years between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Canada has been built on

A

false premises

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6
Q

These false premises has created policies

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removed Indigenous people from their homelands, suppressed Indigenous nations and their governments, undermined Indigenous cultures and stifled Indigenous identity

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7
Q

RCAP: Social Policy

A
  • Social issues (poverty, health, housing, family violence);
  • Cultural issues (language, spirituality, child care and traditional ways of life)
  • Educational issues
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8
Q

RCAP: Economic Development

A
  1. Building institutions
  2. Lands and resources
  3. Employment development
  4. Education and training
  5. Business development
  6. Innovative use of income support alternatives
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9
Q

RCAP: Health

A
  • Respectful relationships between patient and healthcare provider
  • Identify current gaps and barriers in care
  • Provide culturally appropriate care
  • Recognize importance of family and community
  • Develop sensitivities
  • Community-based, community-directed health services
  • Almost all of the recommendations supported, and laid the foundation for strong holistically healthy communities
  • The recommendations should influence large scale social determinants of health
  • Frustratingly, limited implementation of the recommendations has occurred since its completion
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10
Q

RCAP: Health – The AFN Report Card

A
  • The report card also noted various shortfalls in government commitment to Indigenous peoples’ health funding
  • Inadequate funding growth for health programs (capped at 3%/decade)
  • New health program funding, such as Maternal Child Health, is often inadequate and only selected communities can benefit from the funds
  • A health-funding shortfall of close to $2 billion is expected over a five year period (2006-2011)
  • In 2006/2007, individual communities will experience an average gap of 9%, and a 14% in 2007/08 ,between what they will receive in health funding and what is actually needed
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11
Q

Why are we talking about RCAP in this class?

A

RCAP discussed connections of social. determinants of health to health, they outlined the basis for a path forward. to increase wellbeing among Indigenous populations.

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12
Q

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) is a component

A

of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement

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13
Q

What does TRC do?

A
  • This commission informs all Canadians about what happened in Indian residential schools
  • Documents the truth of survivors, families, communities, and anyone personally affected by the Indian Residential School experience
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14
Q

Sectors the TRC is involved in:

A
  1. Education
  2. Child Welfare
  3. Health
  4. Culture and Language
  5. Justice
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15
Q

TRC: Education

A
  • Repeal section 43 of the Criminal Code (corporal Punishment)
  • Joint strategy to eliminate education and employment gaps
  • Eliminate discrepancy in education funding
  • Draft new Indigenous education legislation
  • Provide adequate funding for First Nations students seeking post-secondary education
  • Develop culturally appropriate early childhood education programs for Indigenousfamilies
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16
Q

TRC: Child Welfare

A
  • Reduce the number of Indigenous Children in care
  • Fully implement Jordan’s Principle
  • Enact legislation that establishes national standards for Indigenous child apprehension
  • Develop culturally appropriate parenting programs
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17
Q

TRC: Health

A
  • Acknowledge that the current state of Indigenous health is a direct result of previous Canadian government policies, including residential schools
  • Implement health-care rights of Indigenous people
  • Recognize, respect and address distinct health needs of the Metis, Inuit, and off-reserve Indigenous peoples
  • Provide sustainable funding for healing centres
18
Q

TRC: Culture & Language

A
  • Acknowledge that Indigenous rights include Indigenous language rights
  • Enact an Indigenous Languages Act
  • Appoint Languages Commissioner
  • Post-secondary degree and diploma programs in Indigenous languages
  • Enable Survivors and their families to reclaim names changed by residential school system
19
Q

TRC: Justice

A
  1. Ensure lawyers and law students receive appropriate cultural competency training
  2. Eliminate the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in custody over the next decade
  3. Provide sufficient and stable funding to implement and evaluate community sanctions that will provide realistic alternatives to imprisonment
20
Q

TRC: Goals

A
  • Collect and publish data on the criminal victimization of Indigenous people
  • Create adequately funded and accessible Indigenous-specific victim programs
  • Appoint a public inquiry into the causes of, and remedies for, the disproportionate victimization of Indigenous women and girls
  • Recognize and implement Indigenous justice systems
  • Recognize as a high priority the need to address and prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
  • Eliminate barriers to the creation of additional Indigenous healing lodges
  • Work with Indigenous communities to provide culturally relevant services to inmates
21
Q

Develop and teach curriculum on:

A

The need to respect Indigenous spirituality in its own right
The history and legacy of residential schools and the role of the church in that system
The history and legacy of religious conflict in Aboriginal families and communities
The responsibility that churches have to mitigate such conflicts and prevent spiritual violence

22
Q

Establish permanent funding for community-controlled:

A
  • Healing and reconciliation projects
  • Culture and language projects
  • Education and relationship-building projects
23
Q

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG)

A

The commission looks to research, and discover the truth about the violence Indigenous women and girls face regularly in Canada

24
Q

MMIWG Information is gathered through various ways:

A
  • Community hearings, institutional hearings, Knowledge Holder and expert hearings
  • Past and current research
  • Collaborations with Knowledge Holders
  • Forensic analysis of police records
25
Q

Research is rooted in Indigenous methodology

A

and is governed by traditional laws and ethics that affirm the resistance and resurgence of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA people

26
Q

What types of cases does the MMIWG inquiry investigate?

A

The inquiry investigates cases of women and girls who died under suspicious circumstances, sexual assault, child abuse, domestic violence, bullying and harassment, suicide, and self-harm.

27
Q

What factors does MMIWG examine?

A

MMIWG examines underlying social, economic, cultural, institutional, and historical causes contributing to violence against Indigenous women and girls.

28
Q

What is the mandate of MMIWG?

A

MMIWG inquires and reports on the systemic causes of violence, including sexual violence, against Indigenous women and girls.

29
Q

MMIWG: Vision

A

To build a foundation that allows Indigenous women and girls to live without fear of violence and allow them to reclaim their power and status as life-givers and caregivers
- Due to the diversity amongst Indigenous peoples in Canada, this will not always look the same
- Distinct cultures, languages, ways of life
- Political, legal, social, cultural, and economic systems

30
Q

There can be no all encompassing,

A

pan-Indigenous approach to solving the problem

31
Q

According to the Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) (n.d), between 2000 and 2008, _____ of all homicides in Canada were of Indigenous women and girls, while Indigenous women and girls only make up _____of the female population

A

10%; 3%

32
Q

Out of 582 causes of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls, NWAC (n.d.) found:

A
  • 67% are murder cases (death as a result of homicide or negligence)
  • 20% are cases of missing women or girls
  • 4% are cases of suspicious death (deaths regarded as natural or accidental by police, but considered suspicious by family or community members)
  • 9% are cases where the nature of the case is unknown (it is unclear whether the woman was murdered, is missing, or died in suspicious circumstances
33
Q

55% of cases involve women and girls under the age of ____; only 8% involve women 45 and older

A

31

34
Q

____ of cases involve mothers. An estimated 440 children have been impacted by their mother’s disappearance

A

88%

35
Q

______ of cases occurred in British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan alone

A

54%

36
Q

According to the information available, ___ of women and girls went missing from an urban area; ___ were found murdered in an urban area

A

70%;60%

36
Q

Only _____ of murder cases involving Indigenous women or girls have led to charges
This is far below the national clearance rate for homicides in Canada (_____)

A

53%; 84%

37
Q

_____ of offenders are strangers; in contrast, only 6% of offenders are strangers to non-Indigenous women or girls

A

16.5%

38
Q

Marginalization dramatically decreases

A

both the availability and accessibility of supports and services.

38
Q

The 2021 Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ People National Action Plan was

A

co-developed by a core working group in collaboration with the National Family and Survivors Circle and contributing partners.

39
Q

many Indigenous people who are Two-Spirited and/or members of the LGBTQ+ community face

A

discrimination from both mainstream society and from within their own communities.

40
Q

Indigenous women and Two Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning, Intersex, and Asexual Plus (2SLGBTQQIA+) people hold a

A

sacred place and equally crucial roles, are valued, and are integral to Indigenous communities. They come from a place of strength in culture, values, and tradition as leaders, knowledge keepers, providers, custodians of culture, healers and/or caregivers.

INHS (11 decks)

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