Lecture 9

Question 1

histiocytic sarcomas are also called what?

Answer 1

Round Cell Tumors or very High Grade Sarcomas

Question 2

cell type of histiocytic sarcomas

Answer 2

Cell type of macrophage origin- macrophages or dendritic antigen presenting cells

Question 3

breeds susceptible to histiocytic sarcomas

Answer 3

Golden Retrievers, Rottweillers, Flat Coated Retrievers

Question 4

presentation of dogs with histiocytic sarcoma

Answer 4

–Masses associated with muscle groups or joints
–Quite painful
–Often requires IHC for correct diagnosis

Question 5

treatment of histiocytic sarcoma

Answer 5

–Surgery- if removable with minimal morbidity
–Radiation therapy- palliative protocol
–Chemotherapy with Lomustine
•Rarely curable but will initially respond to treatment
•Median survival 9 months with RT and Lomustine, and long term survival when low stage!

Question 6

what is a histiocytoma

Answer 6

• Langerhans cell proliferation
• Presents for dermal nodule in a young dog, often on extremities.
• Spontaneously regress or removal curative

Question 7

what is histiocytic sarcoma haemophagic form?

Answer 7

• Malignant Histiocytosis
• Most likely phagocytic macrophages
• Present for severe anemia, responsive but Coombs negative
• No effective treatment at this time.

Question 8

presentation of mammy adenocarcinoma

Answer 8

–Presence of a mammary mass
•65-70% occur in glands 4 and 5
–Inflammatory tumors
•inflamed plaque like lesions or multiple nodules in the skin
•diffuse edema in the mammary area.
–Respiratory, neurologic signs or bone pain- secondary to metastasis

Question 9

biologic behavior of a mammary adenocarcinioma

Answer 9

•41-53 % of mammary masses are malignant
• 50% of malignant tumors low grade
•Older dogs with larger tumors more likely to be malignant
–Solid carcinoma < tubular carcinoma < papillary < anaplastic < carcinosarcoma
–Inflammatory carcinoma- poorly differentiated carcinoma with extensive inflammatory cell infiltrates- extremely aggressive behavior

Question 10

diagnosis for mammary adenocarcinoma

Answer 10

bx only

Question 11

staging of mammary adenocarcinoma

Answer 11

–Evaluate local tumor
•many dogs have multiple tumors
–Lymph node evaluation
•palpation, aspiration, removal and histopathology
–Thoracic radiographs a must
–Aggressive mammary tumor can have widespread metastasis- liver, bone, CNS- searching for such sites could depend on physical exam findings and routine blood chemistries.

Question 12

treatment of mammary adenocarcinoma

Answer 12

surgery

Question 13

lumpectomy

Answer 13

Lumpectomy still means usually one gland ahead and one behind

Question 14

masectomy

Answer 14

refers to taking the whole chain- which is usually not necessary in the dog.

Question 15

characteristics of feline mammary adenocarcinomas

Answer 15

–More than 75% of feline mammary neoplasms are malignant
–Mammary tumors are at least the third most frequent tumor seen in the cat
–Any cat presenting with a mammary mass must be taken very seriously.

Question 16

signalment of feline mammary adenocarcinoma

Answer 16

–Generally female, and in the U.S. generally spayed
–Mean age 10-12 years, range 9 months - 23 years
–Short haired cats more common
–Siamese breed has 2x risk of other breeds

Question 17

risk factors for feline mammary adenocarcinoma

Answer 17

•Hormonal influences likely play a role in the development of these tumors.
–Past history of synthetic progestins or estrogen-progestin combinations increase risk 3x (usually account for cases in male cats)
–Cats spayed at later age or left intact have increased risk

Question 18

biologic behavior of feline mammary adenocarcinoma

Answer 18

Highly aggressive, metastasis common
–Mammary mass
–Metastatic lesions- LN, lungs, bone

Question 19

treatment of feline mammary adenocarcinoma

Answer 19

masectomy bilaterally