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Oncology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Biologic behavior is determined by what

A

–Histologic type
–Location
–Grade
–Other prognostic factors

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2
Q

Tumors associated with hypertrophic osteopathy

A
  • lung tumors

* large abdominal tumors

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3
Q

Secondary effect of pituitary adenoma

A

secondary hyperadrenocorticism

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4
Q

secondary effect of pheochromocytoma

A

secretion of catecholamines leading to hypertension and tachycardia

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5
Q

secondary effect of insulinoma

A

hypoglycemia

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6
Q

secondary effect of sertoli cell tumors

A

feminization, aplastic anemia

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7
Q

secondary effect of thyroid adenoma

A

paraneoplastic disorders

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8
Q

metastatic cascade (5 steps)

A
  1. cell detachment and vascular invasion
  2. transport and survival in the circulation
  3. aggregation of platelets and fibrin; arrest at new location
  4. extravasation into surrounding parenchyma
  5. establishment of new growth
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9
Q

non-metastasizing

A

probably only benign tumors

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10
Q

Late metastasizing

A

spread long after primary tumor appears (TVT,sertoli cell tumor, hemangiopericytoma)

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11
Q

Early/Rapid metastasizing

A

metastasis has occured often before the primary tumor is detected (osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, oral melanoma, tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma)

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12
Q

patterns of metastasis

A

Lymphatic (perianal gland carcinomas spread to sublumbar nodes), hematogenous (osteosarcoma to lung, hemangiosarcoma to liver), or combo (lymphoma, mast cell tumors, histiocytic tumors)

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13
Q

prognostic factors from histology rely on what 3 parameters?

A

histologic diagnosis, margins, invasiveness

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14
Q

Tumor grade depends on what?

A
  • Degree of differentiation
  • Percent necrosis
  • Sometimes invasiveness, presence of markers, vessel invasion
  • Mitotic index (or as separate criteria)
  • Numeric or descriptive
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15
Q

Staging TML method

A

determination of what the tumor has actually done to the patient at the time of diagnosis.
–Tumor- The tumor itself can predict a poor prognosis
–Lymph node(s)
–Distant Metastasis- nearly always poor prognosis

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16
Q

CT scan best for what type of masses?

A

–best for boney masses

–best for screening for metastasis

17
Q

MR is good for what?

A

–but best for local soft tissue exams

18
Q

Lymph node evaluation

  1. Front leg
  2. Hind leg below knee
  3. Hind leg above knee, ventral abdomen
  4. Anal / perianal area
  5. Lungs
  6. Abdomen
A
  1. prescapular node
  2. popliteal node
  3. inguinal node
  4. sublumbar nodes
  5. hilar nodes
  6. sternal node
19
Q

Indications for CT

A

–Intra-abdominal masses or organ infiltration
–Tumors on caudal half of body with a tendency to metastasize- MCT, perianal gland tumors, mammary tumors
–Tumors with high propensity for visceral or lymphatic metastasis (spleen and liver)- grade III MCT, histiocytic tumors, lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma
–Unknown primary

20
Q

tests indicated for LSA, plasma cell tumor?

A

bone marrow aspirate

21
Q

test indicated for MCT

A

buffy coat smear

22
Q

test indicted for plasma cell tumor

A

protein electrophoresis

23
Q

test indicated for osteosarcoma

A

bone scan

24
Q

tumors predisposed to intact male dogs

A

perianal adenoma, testicular tumors

25
Q

tumors predisposed to castrated male dogs

A

prostate

26
Q

tumors predisposed to females

A

(1) Ovarian, uterine, vaginal, mammary

(2) Transitional cell carcinoma- dogs

27
Q

Features of malignancy

A

Anisokaryosis, Anisocytosis, multinucleation, nucleoli, pleomorphism, mitotic figures

28
Q

Occasions where biopsy is not required

A
  1. Cytology was diagnostic
  2. Imaging was diagnostic
  3. Diffuse metastatic disease is identified (?)
  4. Knowledge of tumor type will not alter treatment (often an owner choice- but
    this should be of minimal influence. An owner must understand you can not
    recommend therapy if they won’t allow you to diagnose the problem accurately)
  5. If biopsy is as difficult or dangerous as the treatment (cardiac, vascular, brain
    lesions)

Oncology (11 decks)

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