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Oncology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

definition of cancer cachexia

A

Profound state of malnutrition and weight loss despite adequate nutrition

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2
Q

clinical significance of cancer cachexia

A

–Decreased quality of life
–Decreased response to treatment
–Decreased survival time

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3
Q

Mechanism of cancer cachexia

A

–Glucose is preferred substrate for cancer cells
–Tumor cells incomplete glucose metabolism- 2 molecules of ATP (vs. 36 in normal cells)
–Lactate is produced as an end product
–Energy expended converting lactate back to glucose
–Gluconeogenesis&raquo_space;> net energy loss by host
–Protein degradation (for gluconeogenesis)
•muscle wasting
•decreased immune function
•decreased wound healing
–Lipolysis occurs to provide energy for host

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4
Q

Clinical signs of hypercalcemia

A

anorexia or vomiting, PU/PD, muscle

weakness

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5
Q

goals of hypercalcemia treatment

A

– Increase renal excretion of calcium
– Inhibit bone reabsorption
– Prevent calcium deposition in tissues
– Promote external loss of Calcium

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6
Q

Treatment strategies for hypercalcemia

A 
• Saline diuresis (0.9% NaCl IV)
• Furosemide
– inhibits reabsorption at loop of Henle
****Bisphosphonates - Pamidronate
• Glucocorticoids
– only after diagnostic sampling
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7
Q

Causes of hypoglycemia

A
  • Insulinoma- pancreatic islet cell neoplasia
  • Hepatic tumors
  • Leiomyoma / Leiomyosarcoma
  • Oral melanoma
  • Lymphosarcoma, plasma cell tumors
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8
Q

clinical signs of hypoglycemia

A

weakness, tremors, seizures

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9
Q

Treatment of hypoglycemia

A

–Feed frequently- high protein better than high carbohydrate
–Glucose solutions IV or orally
•Careful with insulinoma
–Glucocorticiods ( hepatic gluconeogenesis)

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10
Q

Medications use to manage hypoglycemia

A

–Diazoxide
–Hydrochlorthiazide
–Propanolol
–Somatostatin (octreotide)-

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11
Q

mechanism of action of diazoxide

A

Epi-induced glycogenolysis, inhibits insulin release and uptake $$$

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12
Q

mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide

A

potentiates diazoxide

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13
Q

mechanism of action of propanalol

A

blocks beta receptors at the level of pancreatic beta cell-insulin release

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14
Q

mechanism of action of somatostatin

A

theoretically controls hormone hypersecretion and clinical symptoms

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15
Q

downside of streptozotocin for hypocalcemia

A
  • Nephrotoxic, must be administered with saline diuresis

* May induce diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

chemotherapeutic that might help with insulinoma

A

palladia

17
Q

tumors associated with polycythemia

A

–Renal cell tumors
–Lymphosarcoma
–Hepatic tumors
–Nasal fibrosarcoma

18
Q

clinical signs of polycythemia

A

–Neurologic- motor or sensory depression, dullness, lethargy, seizures
–Hemorrhage (epitaxis, hyphema)

19
Q

treatment of polycythemia

A

–Phlebotomy
–Remove or treat primary tumor
–Hydroxyurea

20
Q

hydroxyurea uses

A

Will help with heart patients but tachyphylaxis will occur

21
Q

definition of hypertrophic osteopathy

A

Periosteal proliferation of new bone along the

shafts of long bones

22
Q

clinical signs of hypertrophic osteopathy

A

Pain, reluctance to move, “swollen legs, or

swollen joints”

23
Q

hypertrophic osteopathy is associated with what type of tumors?

A

large thoracic or

abdominal cavity mass

24
Q

treatment for hypertrohic osteopathy

A 
– Treat or remove primary
tumor
– Corticosteroids
– NSAIDS
– Bisphosphonates
– Vagotomy (not really done anymore)
25
Q

Fever of unknown origin is caused by what pyrogens?

A

– IL1
– IL6
– TNFα

26
Q

Treatment of fever of unknown origin

A

– Remove tumor

– NSAIDS

27
Q

clinical signs associated with hyperglobulinemia

A

PU/PD, neurologic signs, bleeding, or more signs secondary to tumor

28
Q

tumors associated with monoclona gammopathy

A

Plasma cell tumors

SA / Leukemia

29
Q

myestheina gravis is associated with what tumor

A

thymoma

30
Q

cutaneous flushing is associated with what tumors

A

Pheochromocytoma, Mast cell tumors

31
Q

nodular dermatofibrosis in german shepherds is associated with what tumor?

A

Linked to renal cysts or cystadenocarcinaoms (autosomal dominant)

32
Q

alopecia in cats is associated with what tumor

A

Pancreatic carcinoma in cats

Oncology (11 decks)

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