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Oncology > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Breeds predisposed to lymphosarcoma

A

Boxer, Basset Hounds, St. Bernards, Scottish terriers, Airdales, Bulldogs, Rottweillers, Golden Retriever
»Age average 6-7 years

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2
Q

lymphosarcoma is often what cell line

A

B cell

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3
Q

Diagnosing lymphoma

A 
–Cytology
•Flow cytometry
•Immunocytochemistry
•PARR assay
–Histopathology
•Immunohistochemistry
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4
Q

Stages of Lymphoma

A
  • I- Single node (or organ)
  • II- Group of nodes on one side of diaphragm
  • III- Generalized lymph node involvement
  • IV- Spleen or liver involvement
  • V- Bone Marrow, CNS, or other organs
  • a- no symptoms b- symptoms / sick
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5
Q

Anatomical classifications of lymphosarcoma

A 
–Multicentric
–Gastrointestinal
–Mediastinal
–Cutaneous
–Extranodal
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6
Q

Histological classifications of lymphosarcoma

A

–Low grade (small cell)
–Intermediate grade (diffuse large cell)
–High grade (Immunoblastic)

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7
Q

Survival in dogs following treatment with chemo?

A

1 year

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8
Q

factors associated with poorer prognosis in dogs

A 
–Substage b
–Stage greater than III
–T-cell
–Hypercalcemia
–Icterus
–Hypoproteinemia
–Prior prolonged treatment with glucocorticoids
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9
Q

drugs used to treat lymphosarcoma in dogs

A

–Prednisone- corticosteroid
–L-aspariginase (Elspar)- enzyme, anti-metabolite
–Vincristine (Oncovin)- mitotic spindle interrupter
–Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)- alkylator
–Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)- antitumor antibiotic
–Methotrexate- antimetabolite
–Lomustine- alkylator
–Tanovea- newer targeted therapy for Canine lymphoma

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10
Q

protocol for canine lymphosarc relapse

A

•What to do at relapse?
–Start your protocol over (if > 6 months from induction)
–Switch to a new protocol with new drugs (more common with T cell)
–Rescue protocols

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11
Q

rescue protocols for dogs

A
  • Lomustine +/- Elspar
  • MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone)
  • Doxorubicin and DTIC
  • Mitoxantrone
  • Bleomycin + ?
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12
Q

older cats get what kind of lymphosarcoma?

A

GI/abdominal

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13
Q

younger cats tend to get what time of lymphosarc?

A

FeLV, mediastinal

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14
Q

anatomic classification of lymphosarc in cats

A
  • Alimentary / GI
  • Mediastinal
  • Multicentric
  • Nasal
  • Renal
  • Spinal (check bone marrow)
  • Leukemia
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15
Q

consideration regarding stage classification of LSA in cats

A
  • Multiple schemes but not as helpful as in the dog
  • Anatomical classification most useful
  • Single organ involvement tends to do better
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16
Q

treatment of high grade LSA in cats

A

–Same drugs as in dogs, but cats are more likely to experience side effects
–Two protocols here:
•COP +/- Elspar (intermediate grade)
•Madison Wisconsin 6 month protocol- addition of doxorubicin important for internal forms
–Single node or nasal- radiation therapy useful but be sure the cat has stage I disease only

17
Q

classification of leukemias

A

–acute or chronic
–lymphocytic or non-lymphocytic
–aleukemic leukemic refers to a proliferation in the one marrow without the appearance of the abnormal cells in the peripheral blood

18
Q

diagnosis of leukemia

A

Bone marrow exam
–Assists in diagnosis of cell type (lymphocytic or myelogenous)
–Also aids in estimating prognosis – shows what is still present in bone marrow
–May require IHC for definitive diagnosis

19
Q

treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia

A
  • Protocol should contain an Anthracycline and Elspar +/- Cytosar.
  • Support therapy can be difficult if all cell lines are damaged.
  • Remission time is shorter than for solid forms.
20
Q

treatment for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

A

–therapy must be aggressive and begun ASAP
•Cytosine Arabinoside
•Combinations of cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline
•Support therapy can be extremely difficult- no white cells, no platelets, no red cells are being made in adequate quantities until a remission is achieved.

21
Q

incidence of chronic leukemia in the dog vs cat

A

commonish in dogs and rare in cats

22
Q

treatment of chronic leukemia

A

–Chlorambucil (2-6 mg/m2) every other day alternating with prednisone (20 mg/m2) every other day.
–Survivals can be quite long-1-3 years

Oncology (11 decks)

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